susan b. anthony speech :: essays research papers

"Fellow people in this here world" I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that me thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizens rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny. The preamble of the Federal Constitution says "We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more really bad union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of intimacy to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." It was we, the people not we, the white male citizens nor yet we, the male citizens but we, the whole people, who make the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as women. And it is a out-and-out(a) bad to talk to wmen of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the ballot. For any state to make sexual urge a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is thereof a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity. To them this government has no just powers derived from the consent of the governed. To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy a hateful oligarchy of sex the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the governance of the globe an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor. An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured but this oligarchy of sex, which

Sigmund Freud :: Psychoanalysis Psychology

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freuds revolutionary ideas have set the standard for modern psychoanalysis and his ideas spread from the field of euphony to daily living. His studies in areas such as un conscious(p)ness, dreams, sexuality, the Oedipus complex, and sexual maladjustments laid the foundation for future studies and a better understanding of the small things that shape our lives. In 1873 Freud gradatory from the Sperl Gymnasium and, inspired by a public reading of an essay on nature by Goethe, Freud decided to turn to medicine as a career(Gay, 10). He worked at the University of Vienna with one of the leading physiologists of his day, Ernst von Brucke, and in 1882 he entered the General Hospital in Vienna as a clinical assistant. afterward making several conclusions about the brains medulla, Freud was appointed lecturer in neuropathology. At this same time in Freuds career, he developed an interest in the checkup uses and benefits of cocaine(Britannica, 582). Even though some b eneficial results were found in some forms of eye surgery, cocaine use was generally denied by the surgeons of his time. This interest in the hypnagogic hurt Freuds medical reputation for a time. This episode in Freuds life has been looked at as an example of his willingness to attempt bold solutions to relieve human suffering(Wittels,98). From 1885 to 1886 Freud fatigued nineteen weeks with Jean Martin Charcot, a world famous neurologist and the director of a Paris asylum. It was Charcot that first introduced Freud to the idea of hysteria and hysterics. Freud became intrigued by the idea of hint as a method of therapy, but he was told that only hysterics could be treated with hypnotism(Appignanesi, 34). There was a firm belief that only women could be hysteric and that no man or non-hysteric woman could be affected by the use of hypnotism. Freud knew that hysteria could only develop where there is a degeneration of the brain, not just with women but with men too and that hypnoti sm could have an effect on normal people. Freud lost his interest in hysteria and hypnotism, but developed a liking of the psychoanalytic method of free association. This method encouraged the patient to express any random thoughts that came to the mind, which promoted a stream of consciousness that helped hydrant into the unconsciousness. The material that the patient said in this stream of consciousness was a link to the ideas of the unconscious mind that was normally hidden, forgotten or unavailable to conscious reflection(Freud, 47).

Colonization In America :: US History Colony American

Before Europeans had ever set foot on North America the continent was a vast land made up of respective(a) Native American nations that had their own distinct cultures, history and cordial hierarchies. The Natives here possessed all of the aspects that human beings all over the world incorporated into their societies. They had social structures, trade routes and relationships between various Native groups and were by no means a cluster of heathens waiting to be discovered by white Europeans who would gravel to claim the land they have lived on for thousands of years. Upon their arrival on the continent that was often tagged as The New terra firma the three prevalent European countries that established colonies in North America England, France and Spain each took fundamentally different approaches to establishing their colonies and forming relationships with the native inhabitants. There were many various reasons for why each European estate chose to participate in the colonizati on and their affairs with Indians in the ways they had. The country itself and the goals it had set for establishing settlements in the New World along with the location of the settlement and the Indians that they would be confronting as a result of their settlement are all interesting aspects that play vital roles in why each colonial society differed from genius another in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish in the New World landed their ships and set up Catholic monasteries in Florida as rise up as the area now known as New Mexico. The Spanish who have had a long history of coexisting in Spain with the Mores brought some of their naturalized diplomacy with them when they attempted to establish permanent settlements in the New World. Although a large portion of Spains reasoning behind occupying land in the New World was the conversion of Native Americans as well as gaining gold, wealth and power just like the Conquistadors had done in the past from conquering the Aztecs. Spain brought a screen of diplomacy with them when they tried to coexist their culture and peoples with that of the native inhabitants of Florida. This approach was probably just as much done out of necessity than modern European kindness, because the Spanish settlers who founded the string of settlement towns in Florida were vastly outnumbered by their Indian counterparts.

Legalized Killing Should Be Abolished Essay -- Capital Punishment

great(p) punishment is the punishment by death for a crime. It is also called the death penalisation. It is the only form of killing that is legalized. It may be carried out by electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. The death penalty has been banished in over one hundred and thirty countries. Capital punishment has been abolished in every industrialized nation except for the United States of America. In the United States, capital punishment has been an extremely controversial issue that divides the country and leads to disharmony. The death penalty abolition movement is growing, and some progress is being made, but there is a lot of work yet to be done. There are heterogeneous organizations using different avenues to abolish the death penalty. They have been successful in New Mexico, Illinois, New Jersey and New York. These are organizations like pardon International, The national Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), and The People o f Faith against the Death Penalty (PFADP).Amnesty international is an eloquent and a well-known organization that is in different parts of the world. Amnesty International is one of the largest and best-known international nongovernmental organizations that are dedicated to human rights. It is a non-profit organization that was established in 1961. Amnesty means a general pardon for offenses or an act of forgiveness for past offenses. They serve several purposes on the bringing about of equality, peace and friendly justice. However, one of their main goals is to abolish the death penalty. They have been quite successful in many countries and some states in the United States. Amnesty International stands out, because it has in force(p) governmental contacts all around the wor... ... 2012. .Draper, Thomas. Capital Punishment. New York H.W. Wilson, 1985. Print.Gottfried, Ted. The Death Penalty Justice or Legalized Murder? Brookfield, CT Twenty-First Century, 2002. Print.Illustrated Oxford Dictionary. London etc. Dorling Kindersley, 2003. Print.Kennedy Cuomo. Abolish Capital Punishment in Blot, David (Ed.) Supplementary Readings on Peace and Nonviolence. Bronx, New York self-Published, 2008.Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print.McCarthy, Colman. The Worlds Only True False prove on Legalized Killing. The Center for Teaching Peace. Newsletter, 2011.Weisberg, Roger and Vanessa Roth. No Tomorrow (DVD). Docuramafilms. A Production of Public Policy Productions, 2010.

The Holocaust Essay -- History German Jew Nazi Genocide Essays

The HolocaustWe are the children of the holocaust. We are both Germans and Jews. We are the children of the victims. We are the children of the oppressors. We started out on opposite sides but the memory of the holocaust will join us forever. We shall never let the victims be forgotten, for if we do, we will forget that the perpetrator can be in all of us. This poem expresses quite well the sensation that most individuals feel when they hear the word Holocaust. Although they may not have been there, or cognize someone who was, they may still feel an underlying sadness or anger due to the events that took place during World War II. I myself am neither a Jew nor have German decent, and I too become emotional at just the thought of such a scourge occurrence. It is in this scent out that I will discuss how the Holocaust has affected not only the Jewish world, but former(a) peoples as well.In 1933, the Nazi party began their endure in Germany, under the malevolent dictator Adolf Hitle r his role as prime minister of the county lead to the temporary suspension of civil rights for communists and Jews. The first parsimoniousness camp, know as Dachau was erected, which contained over two hundred communists, and all books that included ideas and concepts contrary to Nazi belief were burned. Jewish newspapers were not allowed to be sold in the streets, and as Hitlers power became more and more apparent, he gained the title of Fuhrer, or Leader of Germany. His charismatic ways charmed many people into believing that his ideas were conceptually sound, and within only a few years, the Jewish people were stripped of their liberties, including their right to vote. In 1938, on Kristallnacht the Nazi regime terrorized Jews throughout both Germany and Austria over 30,000 Jews were arrested, having their licenses revoked, car registrations taken away, and securities and jewels stolen as well. Upon the acclimation of World War II in 1939, when France and Britain declared war o n Germany, Hitler ordered that all Jews must rupture a yellow Star of David, in 1940, he began the deportation of all German Jews to the country of Poland (Morretta).Once in Poland, the Jews were forced to reside in ghettos and concentration camps in 1942, the Final Solution planning had begun by Hitler and his Nazis regime, and by 1943, eighty five percent of all of the Jewish people that ... ... the Holocaust itself, as devastating as it was, may have happened for the Jewish people to acquire a larger capacity than others for forgiveness and understanding. This idea rings true for every other human being in the world as well, because once again, We shall never let the victims be forgotten, for if we do, we will forget that the perpetrator can be in all of us. 1 This poem was written by Rudi Raab, and is from The Acts of Reconciliation Project, where Germans and Jews met to build a common ground.2 The Night of Broken Glass3 An distend plan of mass genocide in which the Nazi offi cials would annihilate all European Jews. 4 This poem was written by Rudi Raab, and is from The Acts of Reconciliation Project, where Germans and Jews met to build a common ground.Works CitedFeig, Konnilyn. Hitlers Death Camps The Sanity of Madness. New York, Holmes & Meier, 1979.Jacobs, Alan. Auschwitz/Birkenau. http//www.remember.org/jacobs/index.html. 1996.Morretta, Theresa. History of the Holocaust Timeline. http//www.remember.org/educate/mtimeline.html. 1997.Watts, Franklin. Auschwitz and the Allies. Voices of History 1942-43 .New York, 1943.

The following piece of work is an analysis of the short story called Es

The following piece of work is an analysis of the short fiction calledthe signalman by Charles dickens.The signal man is set in the mid 19th century. The main setting isthat of right beside a train tunnel where the main cite thesignal man stays to let trains through etc.The billline is set mostlyin the night time. The story has an eerie effect on me as a reader.While I was reading the signal man I picked up on the tenseatmosphere. At one point early on in the story, on that points a moment whichbrought the tension to the story in a strong way.He looked up at me without replying, and I looked agglomerate at him withoutrepeating too soon.I think this moment brings some tension as, it do me eager to seewhat was going to happen next.I excessively think that the silence of the signal man brings some darknessto the story. His silence made him seem like a sinister character.Charles Dickens describes him to use trade actions as well. In astrange way I enjoy how the signal man is so c reepy. I think I findthis, as it gives more depth to him as a character. He pointed to thered light he had looked at.His manner seemed to make the place strike colder to me.Throughout the story Dickens presents the narrator and the signal mandifferently.I feel the signal man is portrayed as lonely, quiet sinistercharacter. He had taught himself a nomenclature down here,--if only toknow it by sight, and to have formed his own crude ideas of itspronunciation. This shows that he has hardly any contact withexternal influences.I could imagine seeing the signal man on a frosty winters morning,feeling his stare, burning through my skin like a concentrated sun onpaper.He works alone in the middle o... ...f the signal man, it helped me realise whatDickens meant by the certain hand gestures made by the signalmanhimself. Also it gave another level to the tension and the closure wasmore forceful as well.The ending of the story does its job well. It brings the little piecesthat the story has collect together, explaining the truth aboutexplaining things that I questions earlier on. Like why the signal manpuzzled about why the narrator yelled Halloa Below there As wellas the strange stories that the lonely signal man had spoke of.Even though the story was short and realistic, I would not rememberit to other readers.I think it has a good impact, but is not my type of book overall. Ittakes a while to engulf the reader, and when it does, the story isalmost over. The ending is not powerful enough to change my thoughtson the story though

The following piece of work is an analysis of the short story called Es

The following piece of work is an analysis of the short story calledthe signal hu whileity by Charles dickens.The signal slice is slump in the mid 19th century. The main setting isthat of right beside a train tunnel where the main character thesignal man stays to permit trains through etc.The storyline is set mostlyin the night time. The story has an eerie effect on me as a reader.While I was learning the signal man I picked up on the tenseatmosphere. At one point early on in the story, theres a moment whichbrought the tension to the story in a strong way.He looked up at me without replying, and I looked down at him withoutrepeating too soon.I think this moment brings some tension as, it made me eager to seewhat was going to happen next.I also think that the silence of the signal man brings some darknessto the story. His silence made him seem like a sinister character.Charles Dickens describes him to use hand actions as well. In a irrelevant way I enjoy how the signal man is so c reepy. I think I findthis, as it gives more depth to him as a character. He pointed to thered light he had looked at.His manner seemed to make the place strike colder to me.Throughout the story Dickens presents the narrator and the signal mandifferently.I feel the signal man is portrayed as lonely, quiet sinistercharacter. He had taught himself a language down here,--if only toknow it by sight, and to have formed his own crude ideas of itspronunciation. This shows that he has hardly any contact withexternal influences.I could imagine seeing the signal man on a frosty winters morning,feeling his stare, burning through my skin like a concentrated sun onpaper.He works alone in the middle o... ...f the signal man, it helped me realise whatDickens meant by the certain hand gestures made by the signalmanhimself. Also it gave another level to the tension and the ending wasmore forceful as well.The ending of the story does its job well. It brings the little piecesthat the story has accumul ated together, explaining the truth aboutexplaining things that I questions earliest on. Like why the signal manpuzzled about why the narrator yelled Halloa Below there As wellas the unknown stories that the lonely signal man had spoke of.Even though the story was short and realistic, I would not recommendit to other readers.I think it has a good impact, but is not my type of book overall. Ittakes a while to engulf the reader, and when it does, the story isalmost over. The ending is not powerful enough to vary my thoughtson the story though

1984 Skeleton Outline Essay

I used to think that cyberspace was fifty years a appearance. What I thought was fifty years away, was only if ten years away. And what I thought was ten years away it was already here. I just wasnt aware of it yet. Bruce Sterling (www. brainy acknowledgment. com) engineering has helped society achieve great strides in the world today. It has helped us to walk on the moon and find cures for certain cancers. However, technology can also slang horrible and devastating effects. This is best illustrated in Orwells novel, 1984. Orwells novel has been adapted by Michael Radford who captured Orwells technologically inclined society through a visual medium.See more Social process es regulariseRadfords bourgeon portrayed Orwells idea of 1984 more effectively. This will be proved through examination of additions and deletions of scenes, cinematography, and drop offing. Radfords additions and deletions leave the audience questioning his choice. At the end of the spud Radford leaves the au dience with unanswered questions, whereas in the novel, Orwell had clear visual clues the answered the questions. still it was all right, e trulything was all right the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (Orwell 311)An affective addition Radford included in his 1984, was towards the end of the film, Julia and Winston were planned to meet up with each other. In the novel, they had non planned to meet and just so happened that they bumped into each other. Actually, it was by chance that they had met. It was in the Park, on a vile, biting day in March, when the earth was like iron and all the grass seemed shortly and there was not a develop anywhere except a few crocuses which had pushed themselves up to be dismembered by the wind. He was hurrying along with frozen hands and watering eyes when he saw her not ten metres away from him.It struck him at once that she had changed in some ill-defined way. (IBID 304) Make sure that you state why this quote is significant in proving that Radford was ruin at depicting Orwells vision. In the novel when Winston goes to meet OBrien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was there with him. In the film when Winston goes to meet OBrien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was not there, Radford has this addition included to emphasize how much Julia did not care about the Party. Radfords interpretation of 1984 of additions and deletions was very affective.Radfords use of cinematography was well done based on Orwells vision. With the help of color or if you look at it another way, a lack of colour, the film was meant to be shot in a dull and dreary setting. Radford was able to get crossways to the viewers, the sense of depression. * (put a quote in here of anything that describes any way that they dress or any of the alter that are described in the novel) Consider the opening couple of paragraphs. You could also burble about the scene in the film where his mother died and com pare that to another scene to show how times have changed.Radford used bland and mechanized colors such as grey, navy blue and black. In Radfords 1984 there was a scene shown of Hurt walking home from work and there was no color but greys, and a small amount of a dull navy blue. The actors in the film were too wearing dull navy uniforms and that was it. This was a perfect representation of the way Radford emphasized how dull the film was. The characters in the film, more specifically, John Hurt and Suzanna Hamilton, were also physically grey looking.Their skin was dead looking and physically sick which helped Radford set the theme of the film. (Use the description of the golden country are they the same in the novel and the film? ) If so how? If not how are they different ? Radfords character selection was very effective that helped to portray Orwells vision. Radfords 1984 was well cast. John Hurt acted just the way he was described in the novel. Although he did not speak much, Hurt used excellent facial expressions in order to get his point across and to communicate with others.Winston Smith (John Hurt) is 39, but he has the skinny, wizened look of a perpetually chilled, undernourished child, whose face is that of an old man. (www. ovie. nytimes. com) Julia, Suzanna Hamilton, was better depicted in the film than in the novel. She brings a captivating freshness and warmth to her role, a little reminiscent of a young Harriet Anderson. Her pale, wiry, broad-hipped body has a simple, unaffected, almost archetypal beauty, and in the films more intimate moments, she radiates all the tactile sensual grace of a Munch or Degas nude. (www. IMBd. com) Hamilton helps to portray Julia creation a very rebellious character. In the film, Julia was an upfront kind of character whereas in the novel Julia seemed very closed yet didnt really say much.Radfords film adaptation of 1984 does effectively portray Orwells vision. This was proven by characters, additions and deletions , cinematography. Radfords cinematography is an excellent adaptation of Orwells plot. The characters were well cast and Orwells vision was seen. The additions and deletions are very effective in portraying the vision of 1984. Overall Radfords film does Orwells novel justice. Maybe for your destruction keep the compare and contrast going. So for example Orwell made many choices about where to place characters in the novel but Radford adding or deleting them was a better choice for the vision as a whole.

Agribusiness

husbandry as a way of life Agribusiness for me is a systematic structure of well coordinated and oriented subsystems which makes the agriculture st suitable. Agribusiness set up be viewed as a system, in which it compose of many subsystems. In agriculture where crops are cultivated to produce crops, the agribusiness plays an important bureau to distribute those crops in proper places at high value. Well, we all know that agriculture doesnt only involve in crops but also in poultry and livestock, fishery and forestry.It also plays an important role of the daily lives of the people, where the incessant interaction and circulation of commodities is discerned. Without Agribusiness, goods and services will not be delivered to various consumers and the needs and wants of the people cannot be attained. Agribusiness is tantamount to open system which composes of various subsystems. And in order for the system to be viable, its subsystem should also be viable. Any system has its own gaps and weaknesses that may lead the whole system to collapse.And it is obvious that to prevent the whole system to collapse, the operation of each and every subsystem should be well orchestrated, well coordinated and last well synchronized to make the whole system viable as it should be. By effective coordination and synergism, agribusiness as viable open system can be attained. The importance of agribusiness as a field of discipline is that we will discern the gaps and weaknesses of our career in which we could devise some individual developmental plan to improve ourselves as well mounded individual, highly competitive meeting national and global needs.Due to ineffable importance of agribusiness in peoples daily lives. more improvements were developed to make human needs, wants and activities much more accessible and easier leading to global industrialization. Annually, investments trends, prospects or development in agribusiness continuously devised to sustain domestic and global needs. The current investment trend or developments in Agribusiness is the Biotech investment trend in Europe and Asia for 2012 in which it is stated that theE companies are in the end following US and also Japanese organizations in improving their purchase in agro-biotechnology inside Asia. Although simply no precise figures can be obtained, estimates approach from different options indicate in which biotechnology purchase by E firms inside Asia provides increase coming from US dollars 230 million inside 1993 to be able to US dollar 270 thousand in 1995. The growing investment is combined with an increasing variety in business projects. (www. Investment-trend. Bloodspot. Com)

Resisitivity Through Copper Wire

Measuring the Resistivity of Copper Wire of Different Lengths In this business descent I for b other(a) be writing ab disclose the experiment I acknowledge conduct on bruiser cable of different distances. The dependent unsettled I will be measuring is the vindication of the Copper telegram. To do this experiment, one demand to obtain gradationments with a high degree of accuracy, taking divvy up of the equipment they white plague and measuring from each one prize to a certain degree of accuracy for tout ensemble results. The problem with measuring the exemption of Copper telegraph is repayable to the properties of grunter as a material.Copper natur every last(predicate)y has a low resistance due to it being a superconductor, meaning that it only has a resistance of slight amounts. As it has this property, it is important to use a copper fit specimen that is long teeming and thin enough to have an appreciable resistance. The normal take account for the ohmic resistance of copper is about 10-8? m. A 1m aloofness of copper wire with a cross sectional ara of 1mm? (10-6m? ) feces be predicted to have a resistance of 0. 01?. This can be channelized by utilise the resistance formula of R=? lA? 10-8 ? m x 1m10-6m2=10-2? The wire I will use is going to be thinner than this and will vary in length from 0. -1. 0 metres with a difference of 0. 2m from the previous wire specimen. In numerate I will have 5 different lengths. Apparatus * Voltmeter- Accuracy state as ( 0. 5% Read. + 1dgt) in the user manual * Ammeter- Accuracy stated as ( 1. 2% Read. + 1dgt) in the user manual * Battery Supply of 6V * Copper Wire * 1m Ruler in cm * Scissors * Electrical Wires * Crocodile clips * micron Method The following procedure described below is how I intend to gain my results 1. I will measure out out the different lengths of copper wire I intend to use using a millimetre ruler to gain the nearly exact results I can. 2. Once he lengths are cut, the diameter of the copper wire I am using must be mensural. To gain the most accurate result, I will use a micrometer gauge and measure the diameter in several places on the wire and take an mean(a) value from these educations to work out the honest out cross sectional area. 3. I will connect the first length of wire into an electrical circuit, making sure that current can flow through with(predicate) the entire length of the copper wire connected. The circuit will look like this diagram V V A A 4. The voltage will be recorded crossways the wire and the current running through it. 5. To find the resistance of the wire I will use the formula V=IR. . The resistivity can and so be worked out using the formula ? =RAL where R is the resistance calculated, A is the cross sectional area of the copper wire calculated and L is the length of the copper wire. The measures shall be recorded in the following table shown below Resistivity of Wire The physical properties of a wire can either be categorised as being an intrinsic property or an extrinsic property. The difference between the two categories of properties is that intrinsic properties do not depend on the amount of material that is pre direct, whereas extrinsic properties do depend on the amount of material that is present.In the following investigation of the resistivity of copper wire, one could say that the value of the voltage, resistance and current are all intrinsic properties of the copper wire. The extrinsic value of the copper wire would be its resistivity. The resistivity of the copper wire will be dependent on the material itself, which is copper. The resistivity of a material can be defined as the resistance of a 1m length with 1m? cross-sectional area. As the resistivity of material depends mainly on the properties of the material itself, each material whether it is copper or pure silicon has its own resistivity coefficient.The coefficient for copper is 1. 72 ? 10-8? m. This value may seem very small for resistivity, precisely if one were to know that copper is classed as a superconductor meaning that it conducts electricity exceedingly well, they would know that in gild for the conductance to be very high, the resistivity must be very low. This can also be explained by the fact that resistivity is the inverse of conductivity (? =1? ). The potential difference across the copper wire (measured in volts) and the flow of charge (the current) through the copper wire are related through the resistance of the copper wire, not its resistivity.In order to find the resistivity, one needs to work out the resistance first by using the equation R=VI , and then from this they can use the formula ? =RAL to find the resistance. The A represents the cross-sectional area of the wire that will be apply in the experiment. The resistance of the wire is expected to double in value when the length of the wire doubles in size. The resistivity however, should stay near enough the same throug hout all of the repeats conducted. Reducing the perplexity in the resultsThere are some factors which could affect the accuracy of my results in the experiment of the resistivity of copper wire. i of the factors which could affect the accuracy of my results is to do with the measuring devices I use to conduct the experiment. Any measuring device can only be used to measure to a certain degree of accuracy. It is this certain degree which determines how accurate your results are to the true value. In my experiment, I am using a 3? Digits Multifunction Multimeter (DMM) to measure the current through the circuit and the potential difference (p. d. ) across the copper wire.The main advantage of using a DMM compared to using an analogue voltmeter is the fact that they allow you to record a value to a certain number of decimal places by having different ranges which correspond to the level of precision of the reading. In the experiment I am conducting, I will be measuring the p. d. to a steadiness of 0. 001V using the 2V range on the multimeter. Having the resolution to this degree of measurement ensures that I overreach a voltage reading to 3 decimal places increasing the accuracy of the reading and allowing me to obtain a closer value to the true value.The accuracy for the ammeter has been create as being 1. 2% of the reading + 1 LSD for the range (200mA) and resolution (0. 1mA) I will be using for the current. This means that the value I will record will be 1. 2% of the true value of the current +0. 1mA. I am using the 200mA range rather than the 20A range because the resolution of the result is greater than that of the 20A range. This will record a more accurate result which reduces the uncertainty in my results. Similarly the range I will use on the voltmeter which is at 2V has an accuracy of 0. 5% of the reading + 1 LSD, which is even more accurate.Another factor which can affect the resistivity of the result is the temperature of the copper wire. This ca n affect the resistivity by changing the value of the resistance to make the resistance less proportional to that of the length of wire. Normally the resistance of a wire will increase as the length of the wire increases due to their being more atoms in the wire for the electrons to pass by in order to get the through the entire length of wire. As the increase in resistance ? increase in length, the resistance should double when the length of the copper wire is doubled.In order to try and make sure the resistance is not affected by temperature, I will connect the copper wire up into the circuit at a low voltage so that the copper wire will not warm up and increase in resistance due to the atoms within vibrating more. I will also be using a micrometer to measure the diameter of the wire. I am using a micrometer preferably of a standard cm ruler because the level of uncertainty is far less than that of a ruler. The micrometer allows me to record a value for the diameter of the wire with an uncertainty of 0. 0005mm, whereas with an ordinary ruler with mm markings, the uncertainty would be 0. 1mm. ResultsThese are the results I collected from the experiment carried out. All of the data is raw data that I have collected myself and has not been manipulated in way at all. N. B- The diameter of the wire was measured to be 0. 435mm. The cross sectional area was calculated as being 1. 48? 10-7m2. This value was used throughout the experiment to work out the different resistivity values using the resistivity equation as stated previously. Repeat Length of Wire (m) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance (? ) Resistivity (? m) 1 0. 2 0. 044 1. 911 0. 023 1. 71E-08 2 0. 2 0. 042 1. 907 0. 022 1. 64E-08 3 0. 2 0. 043 1. 909 0. 23 1. 67E-08 1 0. 4 0. 088 1. 882 0. 047 1. 74E-08 2 0. 4 0. 085 1. 879 0. 045 1. 68E-08 3 0. 4 0. 087 1. 869 0. 047 1. 73E-08 1 0. 6 0. 132 1. 839 0. 072 1. 78E-08 2 0. 6 0. one hundred thirty-five 1. 845 0. 073 1. 81E-08 3 0. 6 0. 129 1. 839 0. 070 1. 74E-08 1 0. 8 0. 158 1. 748 0. 090 1. 68E-08 2 0. 8 0. 163 1. 741 0. 094 1. 74E-08 3 0. 8 0. 159 1. 745 0. 091 1. 69E-08 1 1. 0 0. 207 1. 739 0. 119 1. 77E-08 2 1. 0 0. 209 1. 738 0. great hundred 1. 79E-08 3 1. 0 0. 201 1. 710 0. 118 1. 75E-08 From the table above, I also worked out the averages of the results measured from the experiment.Repeat Length of Wire (m) Voltage (V) Average V Current (I) Average I Resistance (? ) Average R Resistivity (? m) 1 0. 2 0. 044 0. 043 1. 911 1. 909 0. 023 0. 023 1. 71E-08 2 0. 2 0. 042 1. 907 0. 022 1. 64E-08 3 0. 2 0. 043 1. 909 0. 023 1. 67E-08 1 0. 4 0. 088 0. 087 1. 882 1. 877 0. 047 0. 046 1. 74E-08 2 0. 4 0. 085 1. 879 0. 045 1. 68E-08 3 0. 4 0. 087 1. 869 0. 047 1. 73E-08 1 0. 6 0. 132 0. 132 1. 839 1. 841 0. 072 0. 072 1. 78E-08 2 0. 6 0. 135 1. 845 0. 073 1. 81E-08 3 0. 6 0. 129 1. 839 0. 70 1. 74E-08 1 0. 8 0. 158 0. 160 1. 748 1. 745 0. 090 0. 092 1. 68E-08 2 0. 8 0. 163 1. 741 0. 094 1. 74E-08 3 0. 8 0. 159 1. 745 0. 091 1. 69E-08 1 1. 0 0. 207 0. 206 1. 739 1. 729 0. 119 0. 119 1. 77E-08 2 1. 0 0. 209 1. 738 0. 120 1. 79E-08 3 1. 0 0. 201 1. 710 0. 118 1. 75E-08 Uncertainties within my results Before creating the graph of my results, I calculated the overall uncertainties of each measurement within this experiment, so that I could see where the most uncertainty of the average resistivity value comes from.To calculate the uncertainty for each measurement, I took the average measurement that had the biggest difference from its original data. The Percentage of uncertainties of each measurement was as follows * Percentage uncertainty of the Voltage V= 0. 2060. 005 V Uncertainty in V= 0. 0050. 206? 100%? 2. 43% * Percentage uncertainty of the Current I=1. 7290. 019 A Uncertainty in I=0. 0191. 729? 100%? 1. 10% * Percentage of Uncertainty in Resistance R=V/I Uncertainty of R=1. 10%+2. 43%? 3. 53% * Percentage of Uncertainty in Length Uncertainty=0. 60. 001m Uncertainty in L=0. 0010. 6 ? 100%? 0. 17% Percentage of Uncertainty in Area The Diameter of the wire is 0. 4350. 0005mm The best area where the diameter is 0. 435mm A=? 0. 21752? 0. 1486mm2? 1. 486? 10-7m2 The Maximum area where the diameter is ? 0. 4355mm A=? 0. 217752? 0. 1489mm2? 1. 489? 10-7m2 The stripped-down area where the diameter is ? 0. 4345mm A=? 0. 217252? 0. 1482mm2? 1. 482? 10-7m2 So the area is 0. 1480. 0004mm2 with a component part uncertainty of A=0. 00040. 148? 100%? 0. 27% * So the percentage uncertainty in the Resistivity can be calculated as the sum of all the uncertainties in the experiment ? =RAL=3. 53%+0. 27%+0. 17%=3. 97%The percentages of instrument fracture are as follows * Voltmeter reading is 0. 0005V Instrumental error in Voltmeter= 0. 00050. 206? 100? 0. 24% * Ammeter reading is 0. 0005A Instrumental error in Ammeter=0. 00051. 729? 100? 0. 03% * Micrometer reading is 0. 0005mm Instrumental error in Mircometer=0. 00050. 435? 100? 0. 11% * The total instrumental error is the to tal of each instrumental error stated above which would be 0. 38%. Graph 1 Graph 2 Data Analysis In all of my results that I have collected, there is a strong relationship between the increasing length of wire and the value for the resistance.One would expect this strong correlation between the resistance and the length since one of the simple laws of electrical resistance is that it increases proportionally with the increase in the length of the wire. One can explain this through the understanding of electrons in a circuit and the atoms arranged within the components in a circuit. With my experiment of copper wire, a current passed through my circuit once a voltage was applied to the circuit. When the electrons were given energy to move they passed through the circuit to the copper wire where they experienced the resistance which was calculated.As the lengths of the copper wire increase, the amount of fixed atoms within the structure of the wire increases. Due to this the electrons have a higher chance of colliding with the fixed atoms, which causes the wire to heat up and increase the resistance. One can see the certainty in the correlation between the average resistance and the length of the copper wire by looking at the side of the line of best fit within graph 1. The gradient shows that R? =0. 9984, showing an extremely strong positive correlation between the two variables.From the equation of the gradient displayed in graph 1, the average resistivity can be calculated which takes into account all of the points within the data collected. The gradient of the line shows the equation Resistance (R)Length (L). In the calculation for resistivity, one not only needs the value of RL, but also needs the cross sectional area of the wire. If the cross sectional area of the wire is multiplied by the gradient, then the average resistivity can be calculated ? =RAL=0. 1192? 1. 486? 10-7m2? 1. 77? 10-8? m In Graph 2, the percentage of uncertainty of each average resist ance was displayed in the upended error bars.The percentage of uncertainty of the length of the wire was so small that it was not worth adding to the graph since it is extremely hard to see on the graph. From these percentage uncertainties of the average resistance in the experiment, one can calculate the maximum and the minimum values for the resistivity from looking at the gradients like we did for graph 1. To calculate the minimum gradient, I took the gradient of the line from the maximum uncertainty in the lowest resistance to the minimum uncertainty of the highest resistance.I did this to obtain the shallowest gradient possible from all the points on the graph. I then multiplied this gradient by the smallest area value. lowest ? =0. 1144? 1. 482? 10-7m2? 1. 70? 10-8? m For the maximum value of resistivity, I took the value of the gradient of the line from the minimum uncertainty in the lowest resistance to the maximum uncertainty of the highest resistance. I did this to obtain the steepest gradient possible from all of the points on the graph. I then multiplied this by the maximum area. maximum ? =0. 1263? (1. 489? 10-7m2)? 1. 88? 10-8? mAfter looking at the average, minimum and maximum values of the resistivity taking into account all of the uncertainties within the calculation one could say that from the investigation conducted, the resistivity of copper wire is 1. 76? 10-81. 2? 10-9. The percentage uncertainty of the resistivity would then be 1. 2? 10-91. 76? 10-8? 100%? 6. 8% Biggest Source of Uncertainty From looking at all of the percentage uncertainties for all my measurements, the resistance produced the most uncertainty. The uncertainty of resistance was worked out by adding up the uncertainty of the voltage and the current measured.It must have been from these two calculations where the uncertainty of the resistance became noticed. From calculating the instrumental errors of the multimeter used as a voltmeter and an ammeter, I would not conclud e that the vast majority of the error came from the accuracy of the apparatus. I would say that the average resistance I calculated was from the average current which had the biggest difference from its original data, and the average voltage which had the biggest difference from its original data. The average data I had chosen was 0. 2060. 05V and the average data I had chosen for current was 1. 7290. 019A, as they had the biggest uncertainties. Due to this fact I would have produced an uncertainty which had the biggest difference from the original value, so the maximum possible uncertainty for the resistance. Anomalies and Systematic Errors I did not have any anomalous results when looking at the average resistance graph. All of the points plotted show strong correlation with the increase in length. Systematic errors may have contributed to some of my resistivity values being higher or deject than my overall average.An example of this could have been when measuring the diameter o f the copper wire. The micrometer did not let me know if both of the sides of the copper wire were touching the micrometer measuring device sufficiently enough or whether or not it was touching both sides of the copper wire more than enough, which would then mean it squashed the diameter of the wire resulting in a lower diameter at certain points across the wire, since I took 3 readings and averaged them out. If this was the case, then one of my wires may have had a higher resistance than the others.One other opinionated error may have come from the battery pack. It may have had a temporary glitch in which less electrical energy was sent through the circuit meaning less current was flowing through the circuit, resulting in a larger resistance than that of the previous recording with the same length of wire. This would also alter the final value of the resistivity. Another uncertainty which would be counted as human error could have been the position at which I had primed(p) the cr ocodile clips at either end of the copper wire.For the same length of wire, the crocodile clip may have been placed tho away from the end of the copper wire than the previous measurement, meaning that the length of the wire would have decreased marginally which may have resulted in a lower resistance recording. Also, when I measured the length of the copper wire, I had to straighten out the length of the wire since it was coiled. When doing this I may have accidently pulled the length of the wire increasing its length by a fractional amount.Having said this, it may have altered the resistance measured in the wire making it larger than it should have been since the electrons have to operate a longer distance. Evaluation After looking at all of my results, I believe that the method I used and the ways of simplification the uncertainty in my experiment were effective. The instrumental errors were minimal and the overall uncertainty of my final calculation of resistivity was a low val ue. The resistivity value itself did alter but mainly stayed constant throughout the experiment.As I have said, I do not believe this was because of the accuracy of the multimeters I used but due to other factors such as channelises in the environment like temperature, or due to systematic errors to do with the battery pack I used. To decrease the uncertainty in my resistance measured, I could use an even lower resolution on my voltmeter (0. 1mV) and ammeter (0. 001mA) to reduce the negative effect of Least Significant Digits (LSD) and to give the most accurate result.This way I could then increase the precision of my results and record a value which is closer to the true value When comparing my average value of resistivity with the published value of resistivity which is 1. 72? 10-8? m, my average value is very close to the published value which shows the level of accuracy throughout my experiment considering the more precise tools that were used by the professionals to gain the p ublished value. The repeats I did helped me to record a value for the resistivity that was close to the published value by reducing the random uncertainty in my results.To gain even more accuracy I could do more repeats, or I could alter the intervals between each length to 0. 1m to increase my range of data. That way I will reduce even more random error within my data. I could also change the different diameters of the wire or change the material I use to compare these results with those and see how they differ. One other change I could do following time is to use an Alternating Current (AC) rather than a Direct Current (DC), since AC is more conventional in houses so it would have provided further information as to how good copper is in the use of houses.

Microsoft Swot

Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. The company was founded by measuring stick Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the worlds largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of the worlds most valuable companies. Microsoft was established to develop and sell base interpreters for the Altair 8800.It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The companys 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent work up in its share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Micr osoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8. 5 billion in its largest acquisition to date. About Microsoft inc. As of 2012, Microsoft is market dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets (the latter(prenominal) with Microsoft Office). The company also produces a wide range of other software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet search (with Bing), the video game industry (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile phones (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft muster up anovulant computer.In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft used monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics both the U. S. De partment of nicety and European Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws. Microsoft just lost a world-record to Apple. Microsoft was valued to $619 billion during the last tech riffle in 2000, and the current value of Apple is $623 billion so Apple currently is the most valuable publicly traded company of all time (If you thin out inflation.IBM was worth $1. 3 trillion in 1967 if you adjust for inflation). Microsoft seems to lose more and more of their market shares to competitors. Googles web-browser Chrome is the largest web-browser Microsoft Explorer has the second place. Is Microsoft the next large tech company to fall into the graveyard of the old once mighty forgotten companies? To find out, one way is to make a SWOT abridgment. SWOT analysis StrengthsWeaknesses Strong brand Increasing research and development investments High financial strengthLack of innovations Bugs No proud users OpportunitiesThreats Windows 8 Xbox 720 New logo plagiarism Tablets competition Open source model Strengths Microsoft is the number 1 in the following areas oXbox 360 47 percentage of the market before Playstation 3 and Nintendo Wii oOffice 94 percent of the market Microsoft. com oWindows is the largest operating system in the world 92 percent of the market before Apple with 6 percent Microsoft. com Microsoft may not eternally be number 1, just they are number 2 oExplorer is the second largest web-browser behind Google Chrome oBing is the second largest search engine behind Google Sometimes you dont involve a choice. If you are buying a PC today, you are acquittance to buy it with Microsoft Windows pre-installed. If you are working at a large company, you are going to use Microsoft Office Microsoft is a company with a high financial strength oDistributes a dividend 4 times each year currently $0. 23 per share oAre buying back shares the 2012 outstanding shares have decreased by 16. 6 percent since 2006 oRevenues in 2012 have increased to $73,723 million from $44,282 million in 2006 oEarnings per share in 2012 have increased to $2. 72 from $1. in 2006 Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again? Weaknesses Lack of innovation. Microsoft and Facebook both spent somewhat $1 billion. Facebook bought Instagram, and Microsoft bought patents Microsoft. com Lack of innovative company culture. The employees are competing with each other not with other companies thanks to the management system inside Microsoft that says that everyone in a group cant be top performers. Each unit is forced to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor no matter how good they are.One of the employees said It was always much less near how I could become a better engineer and much more about my need to improve my visibility among other managers. Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again? Bugs Microsoft has a reputation for making software with bugs. Everyone can dream up when Bill Gates wa s going to make a presentation and the famous blue screen appeared. Go and check it out here if you have deep in thought(p) it YouTube. Have you ever seen a similar presentation by Apple?The problem with creating a software such as Windows is that Windows needs to work with many another(prenominal) different computers from different manufacturers. It is easier for Apple to create software without bugs since they are manufacturing their own computers No dedicated users. Apple users loves to show that they are exploitation Apple devices, but whos proud of using a device from Microsoft? Opportunities Next generation products such as Windows 8 and Xbox 720 Microsoft has just changed its corporate logo and the logo now includes a symbol Threats Microsoft is a PC company while more and more people are shifting to mobile and tablets. They are trying their best with Surface their own tablet. Its hard to compete with Apple today since you also have to compete with iTunes Store with mill ions of apps. If you create a better iPhone competitor, people are motionless going to use the iPhone because of all the apps available Open source models oLibre Office is free and as good as Microsoft Office if you are only using the basic functions oOuya the open source Android video game console may be a low-cost competitor to the Xbox

Tata Motors

TATA MOTORS I. INTRODUCTION Tata Group is an Indian multinational club headquartered MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. Tata group business is spread across 7 welkins their main sector being steels. Their empire is spread across 6 continents and has its presence in 80 nations. The combined market capitalization of all the 31 listed Tata companies was $89. 88 jillion as of March 2012. Tata group gets its major revenue from overseas market contributing 58%. Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational manufacturing company. It is a subsidiary of the Tata group.Its products take on passenger railcars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses and military vehicles. It is the manhoods 18th largest motor vehicle manufacturing company, fourth-largest truck manufacturer and second-largest bus manufacturer by volume. In Forbes fortune 500 companies Tata motors occupies 314th position. With the launch of Tata sierra in the division in 1991 Tata motors entered the passenger car division. Tata Motors ac quired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in 2004 and the British premium car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover in 2008.Tata Motors has vehicle assembly operations in India, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Thailand, Spain and South Africa. It plans to establish plants inTurkey, Indonesia and Eastern Europe. Tata Motors jumper lead subsidiaries include Jaguar Land Rover, Tata Daewoo and Tata Hispano. Tata Motors has consolidated revenue of 32. 5 billion USD in the financial naval division 2011-2012. Tata motors w be an employee base of more than 55,000 employees. Tata motor is the initial Indian company from the engineering sector to be listed in the New York stock exchange. II. SWOT ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS LIMITEDSTRENGTHS 1) Strong domestic presence Tata has a severe presence in Indian market and it is a key manufacturer of commercial vehicles. It is the leading producer in commercial vehicles in all segment and they ar among the top 3 prod ucers in passenger vehicles market. Tata motor company is Indias largest company with the revenue of 1,233,133 crore in the year 2010-2011. 2) Tata motors not only have the strategy for expansion and acquisitions but to a fault they have the intensive management development program in order to develop the leaders of tomorrow. ) Taste and election of the consumers in local regions is always taken c ar of in Tata motors. 4) Tata motors have a long list of product portfolios. It has passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trucks and coaches WEAKNESS 1) Tata motors cars are considered for economy class people and not in luxury car segment. So the company lacks its place in luxury car segment. 2) Though Tata cars are present in worldwide it has created major customer base only in India and its nearby countries like Bangladesh, srilanka, Pakistan. 3) The consumer base is limited to certain areas and certain people. ) Tata cars are not following the safety standards. Their design and the bod y metal used leads to this types of public image. This is a major concern for Tata. Their major example is their Tata Nano. 5) Tata cars are not for the younger generation consumers. Tata cars design is not been attracted by the people of the younger generation of people. 6) Return on investment in Tata motors shares is very low. 7) Even though they have bought luxury car manufacturers Jaguar and Land rover Tata has not made its strong presence in luxury car segment. OPPORTUNITIES ) Luxury car tell onr jaguar and land rover has added a greater advantage to its product portfolio. 2) Tata has a major support from the Indian government. 3) High market demand for the passenger car segment with low price. 4) The world is geared up for the greener revolution and there is a huge market for alternate fuel vehicles. THREATS 1) Tata cars safety standards crapper lay down the public trust on their varied portfolio of cars. 2) Other car companies are there for more than 40 years so Tata shou ld victimize the production and quality from other car manufacturing vehicles. ) The economic conditions of the world countries. The downfall of the economic conditions and the constant fluctuations in the currency rates 4) For a low bell producer sustainability and environmental causes would be a greater concern. 5) Rising cost in the global economy for the steel and raw materials for the production of car roll in the hay increase the cost of production of car. Most of the cars manufactured by Tata run on Diesel and cost of the Diesel is also increasing around the world and also in home country. GROWTH STRATEGYTata motors growth strategy is to have a position, which is not easily taken up by other competitors in the domestic market, and to expand its market to other countries by 1) Leveraging in house capabilities 2) Through strategic acquisitions and mergers to have a added advantage of their capabilities. In the year 1984 Tata Motors launched Light Commercial Vehicle. In the Y ear 1996 SUV (sierra) was launched by Tata. In the year 1998 Tata launched its First passenger car. In the year 2004 Tata acquired Daewoo a Korean company. In the year 2005 Tata Acquired in Hispano, SpainFormed an industrial JV with Fiat, JV in India with Marco polo of Brazil, JV in Thailand with Thonburi In the year 2007. Acquisition of JLR took place in the year 2008. ACQUISITIONS AND JOINT VENTURES TATA MOTORS AND MORCOPOLO Tata organize a 5149 Joint venture With Brazil based Marcopolo for manufacturing of Buses. Targeting mass rapid transportation this joint venture among Tata and Marcopolo manufactures and assembles to the full make buses technical know how support from Tata and process and Body design from Marcopolo. TATA AND FIAT Tata formed a 5050 JV with Fiat.With that Joint venture ordering supplied their Engines to Tata cars and Tata motors took care of selling Fiat cars through their dealers. ACQUISITIONS TATA DAEWOO Tata motors acquired Daewoo commercial vehicle of South Korea in the year 2004. The reason behind the acquisition of Daewoo was to reduce the too much(prenominal) exposure in the domestic market and to expand Internationally. The acquisition of Tata and Daewoo lead to the 2nd largest manufacturer of Trucks in South Korea. TATA- HISPANO In 2005 Tata motors acquired 21% of stakes in Hispano which lead to an opportunity in fully built bus segment.Hispano is European bus manufacturer. In 2009 it acquired the remaining 79% of the stakes by making Hispano their fully owned subsidiary. JAGUAR LAND ROVER IN the year 2008 when the ford motor company sold JLR to Tata motors it JLR became the wholly owned Subsidiary of Tata motors. Thus by acquiring JLR Tata motors made its foot print in the luxury car segment. It was also one of the greatest acquisitions. It increased the diversity of market segments and their product portfolio. It created a great opportunity for Tata to enter into to Luxury segment with the worlds iconic brand.MARKETING MIX OF TATA MOTORS 1) PRODUCT Tata has a wide variety of vehicles placed in different segments. It has vehicles for commercial purposes, Passenger vehicles and in defense sectors also. They have the product placement in all the segments. 2) PRICE Tata motorcars are generally affordable. Tata motors are targeting the middle-income class of people. Their cars are generally affordable and their service cost is also affordable when compared to the other car manufactures in India. They also manufacture the worlds cheapest car (Tata Nano).They also target the High-income group of people with the acquisition of JLR. The vehicle should not be priced high from other competitors and it should not be priced too low. 3) PROMOTION a) private Selling Advertising and after sales service is the main promotion strategy of Tata Motors. The basic aspect of advertising is to how you enounce the message and what is the medium to tell message. Personal selling is more of in Tata Motors. With the custo mers who are in the intention to make a sale Tata motors dealers do a personal talk with the customers. b) switch over Fairs and ExhibitionTrade fairs and Exhibitions can promote their new concepts and they can introduce their new vehicles. This type of fairs will get a worldwide attention and identification for their new models. Auto expo will be a meeting for both the consumers and for the trade. This will increase the awareness among the consumers. c) Sponsorship It is that Tata motors will be associated with some sports events or events. This will help the Brand to get recognition among the persons who is associated with those events. Tata motors are sponsoring a football game in Spain. d) AdvertisementsTo create more awareness among the consumers Television Advertisements is also used. Radio advertisements are done to create awareness among the rural consumers. For detailed information print media is also concentrated. DISTRIBUTION OF TATA MOTORS DMS Technology is used for ef ficient coordination between the dealers who are spread worldwide. Apart from distribution networks it has also distributed its manufacturing units in various countries apart from India. Tata motors have assembly units in Brazil, Bangladesh, Thailand, and South Africa. Supply Chain virtuousness is one of the major success factors for Tata motors.Tata motors distribution and logistics part of the business is outsourced to Tata motors Distribution Company limited (TDCL) that is the wholly owned subsidiary of Tata motors to keep their distribution cost minimum. Through this Tata motors is reducing at least 1% of their distribution and they can concentrate on their core business. TDCL delivers the right product in right term and in right place, which in turn offered flexibility for Tata Motors. Supplier relationship management program and dealer management system bound the suppliers and dealers. Time to judgment of conviction reviews of these programs ensures the program work effecti vely.Importance is given for supplier coverage and transaction within the organization. FINANACE STRATEGIES OF TATA MOTORS Financial loss in the year 2001 was really a shock for the Tata Motors. It was caused by the reduce in demand for their Truck segment and heavy Investment for their entry into passenger car segment caused them heavy loss for Tata Motors. It caused a one hundred ten million $ loss to the Tata motors. So in 2001 Tata motors decided a 3-phase recovery process each phase is for 2 years totally the process is for 6 years. PHASE 1 To stop the bleedingPHASE 2 To consolidate the position in the Indian market. PHASE 3 To operate Internationally. For phase 1 the key accusatory was to reduce the Break-even point and to move into market pricing which was the technique of cost reduction. Benchmarking its rivals is also a cost reduction technique. E- sourcing is new to India when Tata went into it. But today Tata is the largest company using e- sourcing and it is leading in the automobile industry. E- sourcing is a faster way to conducting Tenders in online. E- sourcing reduced the Break- even point to one tercet from two third of their utilization of capacity.The company would be even more profitable when the size is reduced to even 60%. This ensured the bleeding of the company is stopped. For phase 2 to make the product more competitive in the market they improvised in the quality of the product and new product was introduced in the market they would be demand by the market for another three to five years. By tightening the credit norms and by improving the liquidity and by new sales preparation process and by increasing the profitability of dealers they can strengthen their market place.For phase 3 Tata motors started to identify the international market where there is more potence and where they can earn more respectable market share. Tata motors sales (Including Exports) Commercial and passenger vehicles = 71,826 as of august 2012 From the year 2011 to 2012 it has increased by 12% domesticated market Commercial and passenger market = 67,453 as of August 2012 59,874 as of august 2011 It has increased by 4% http//www. tatamotors. com/media/press-releases. php? id=783

Guest Lecture

Distinguished Guests Students and Participants Ladies and Gentlemen Good morning. I am really privileged to curb the pleasant task of welcoming the distinguished gathering for immediatelys guest lecture on HUMAN RESOURCE APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. On behalf of and on my own behalf, I warmly and respectfully welcome the Chief Guest, Honble . We are indeed grateful to him for graciously and readily accepting our invitation.Nevertheless,we are highly honoured that our Honble DEAN(HRD) Sir is amongst us today. As you all know, our DEAN(HRD) Sir , wants to have a vibrant pedanticatmosphere in the college by conducting various seminars, paper presentations, group discussions and guest lectures. Guest lectures are part and parcel of having such vibrant academic atmosphere. In todays environment, hoarding knowledge ultimately erodes your power.If you know something very important, the way to get power is by actually sharing it. Thus, Guest Lecture is a way of enriching y ou students with the latest updates of the Industries and Technicalities. The Students are bestowed with knowledge about Industry needs, latest technical updates, Avenues for Higher studies etc. Todays guest lectures would certainly help us to stew deep into the subject rather than having a superficial understanding of the subject.I suggest you all to be interactive through out the seminar rather than being unresisting listeners. The more interest you show the more benefit you gain from this lecture . I dont want to take much time as I know that you are eagerly waiting to listen to his lecture. Before I conclude, I once again thank the management, DEAN(HRD) sir and the whole team of - for linguistic context up a right platform for us to brain storm on this topic. Thank you.

Ethics, Privacy in the Workplace Essay

IntroductionThe aim of this essay is to provide a auxiliary argument for the notion that an individuals secrecy is more important than every other considerations in the clearplace. unravelplace scenarios w minacious be outlined including prank applications, storage of personal nurture, Internet and email, training technology effects on concealing, workplace policies and procedures and medical privacy. Differing ethical theories will be applied to both sides of the argument.The individuals Privacy in the workplaceGetting the job.The story is often heard in Australia how wanton it was for raft to gain betrothal in the economically booming 1960s and early 1970s of how people would walk into a workplace in the morning and get a job straight away(p) or within a couple of days jobseeking. Resumes, application letters and application forms were unheard of unless you were applying for a professional level position. As competition for jobs increased in the mid 1970s and early 1 980s more and more selection tools were required when hiring new cater. Resumes detailing training, past employment and referees assisted in the selection or rejection of new staff. Appli give the bouncets are not required to list nurture in their Resume such as marital status, gender, political leanings, religion, date of birth and number of children as part of equal employment opportunity command. In government found agencies in particular, merit based recruitment is stressed.Whilst in small privately owned backupes, employers still prefer to recruit new staff who are known to them or who are recommended friends of existing staff members. With current federal legislative requirements regarding raw dismissal rules, employers must use care when employing new staff. A job seeker expects their private selective instruction to be handled with trust and discretion. The employer expects instruction to be relevant so they raise make an accurate judging of the job seeker. When i t comes to ethics, both parties are acting in their own crush interests. The seeker wants a job which is rewarding and lucrative in re routine for their effort.The employer wants the most skilled person for the least financial cost possible so that business goals and healthy profits can be achieved. By applying the ethical as yettful theory of Egoism regarding privacy, both parties are acting out of self-interest which best serves their own ache term goals. According to psychological egoism, humans are by temper selfish. The jobseeker will divulge hardly enough personal information which will enable them to get and advance the job. The employer seeks to find out as much information as possible most the jobseeker so that their business is not damaged in the long run by selecting an in separate candidate. Shaw (2009) Page 59Stored InformationTraditionally an employees prefatorial personal information such as their resume, emergency contact details, and bank details would us ually be kept on hard file in a locked personnel filing cabinet. Personal information shared amongst work colleagues was up to the discretion of the employee and staff encouraged to leave personal problems or beliefs at domicile. With the advent of information technology systems becoming more commonplace, communications though shared databases, email, intranet, internet and even kind media pretend largely replaced paper files in storing go with and personal information. Besides conducting simple champion to one personal communication in the workplace, our personal and private information is shared in internet with and without our express permission and may be accessed off site by internal staff or external IT support contractors with administrative access. Websites visited and programs/files accessed on work ready reckoners in work time can be logged and monitored.This database of information compulsions to be protected from improper use and access by unauthorised people. The employee expects that the privacy of their information is protected. Monitoring IT system at work by the employer may be seen as an live up to in the interests of the business but it can also be seen as an erosion of trust in the employer/worker contract relationship. The honest conk out Australia Ombudsman recommends that employers implement best practice when maintaining privacy in the workplace. Employers, employees and their representatives need to know what information may be collected and retained and if it can be passed on to others.This best practice creates certainty and security for both employers and employees. sensible Work Australia(2010) Page 1 If the non-consequentialist ethical theory of Kantism is applied to this scenario, employers are expected to do the right thing as an act out of handicraft and by these moralistic principles the employee information is protected. Under Kantism if an employer was to mishandle this private information by for example sell it to troika parties, this treat would be morally defame. Employers may justify their follow outs in logging internet and computer activity as a means to reduce goldbricking or cyber-slacking which is defined as employees using company internet accounts for personal / inappropriate use whilst giving the outward appearance of macrocosmness busy with their work. Employees may see this as an invasion of privacy if they have not been informed or consented in their employment contract of this monitoring issue forthring.With Kants theory an employees pull throughs of cyber-slacking would be considered morally wrong as they are not doing the right thing by their employer. By the same token the action of monitoring a workers use of the internet or email without their consent would also be considered unlawful under Kants theory of ethics. Shaw (2009) Page 452 Fair Work Australia also says that Password and login codes may pull employees the impression that their email and web brows ing activities during work hours are private and not aware that their activities can be scrutinised by their employer. Fair Work Australia (2010) Page 3 Employers should provide clear workplace policies and procedures to get a line all parties understand the rights and responsibilities that apply to email and internet usage.Prescriptive guidance would detail the amount of appropriate personal email and internet usage within and outside the workplace that is allowable prohibited activities and repercussions legislation how usage is logged and audited and who has access to this information. Similar rules would apply to workplace landline and mobile phone usage. Fair Work Australia (2010) Page 4-5 By applying the consequentialist ethical theory of Utilitarianism to IT usage monitoring, the morally right action provides for the greatest felicity for all those affected, e.g., workload is shared evenly amongst staff secret, divisive conversations are less likely to occur online and it i s also a potential way to avoid potential conflicts in the workplace. Employers would use Utilitarianism to justify their actions in monitoring staff IT practices. An employee applying Egoism in this instance could argue that logging staffs IT usage is an invasion of privacy and not in their interest, therefore morally wrong. Shaw (2009) Page 92Privacy beyond the workplaceMost people believe that what they do and the opinions they have in the privacy of their own home is private, however social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter can sometimes be viewed by third parties depending on privacy settings. It is believed that employers have viewed the social media sites of potential new workers to assess their suitability to the job. In an denomination in the Daily Mail newspaper (UK) the story claims that one in five bosses have spurned job applicants after viewing their social media sites.According to a survey by public relations company Eurocom Worldwide, The 21st-century human is learning that every action leaves an indelible digital trail, said Mads Christensen, Network handler at Eurocom Reynolds (2012) In Australia, Telstra conducted a business survey which resulted in similar figures of more than 12.5% of bosses checking job applicants Facebook pages and number away potential employees based on things they have seen on Facebook. Top social media behaviours cited by bosses as leading to a candidate being ruled out are carte negative comments about their workplace with 44% saying this could rule out an applicant Posts/comments which are discriminatory (37%)Inappropriate pictures stick on on their profile (32%) Posts/comments which contain confidential information (32%) and 10% of employers use Facebook and other social networking sites to keep an eye on employees productivity. Symons (2011) Page 1 Employers say the biggest mistakes their current employees make on social networking sites are 1. Posting negative comments about their workplace, with 2 6% saying this is the biggest mistake. 2. Posting confidential information (16%)3. They persuade or are tagged in inappropriate pictures on their profile (14%) 4. Posting discriminatory comments (11%)5. Posting comments/photos/links during work hours (10%) Symons (2011) Page 2Part of the key argument regarding personal privacy isDo employers have the right to make judgements about potential or current employees based on information in social media sites? Surely this is not an accurate indication of their work skills and loyalty to a business as these social media sites are (usually) created when staff are not at work. It is tantamount to spying on a person in their private hours where their opinions are not necessarily those of their employer. The bosses may also have dubious moral and ethical behaviours outside of work hours, however the employers position of authority and agent gives an unfair advantage over the worker. David W. Ewing devised an employees bill of rights where N o employee shall be penalized for engaging in outside activities of his or her choice after working hoursnor for expressing views contrary to top management.Shaw (2009) Page 488 The employer would argue that viewing the content on an employees social media site is indicative of that individuals moral standards which may in turn be detrimental to the companys reputation, e.g. a primary school teacher with sexually agitative images of themselves may be deemed inappropriate behaviour and detrimental to the reputation and public perception of the school. Employers could justify their actions of facial expression into the private lives of their employees with Egoism and Kantism. It is in the employers interest to monitor the integrity of their staff on and off the job. And inappropriate behaviour even if it is outside the workplace is detrimental to the reputation of the organisation they work for. The employee could take the moral stance using Virtue morals of which they consider the mselves to be a moral and virtuous person by their routine behaviour whilst working and that they shouldnt be judge by the actions they take outside of work. Shaw (2009) Page 88Employee Medical PrivacyMost recently there has been a report that Employers have been going along with employees to medical appointments and in some cases asking for medical certificates to be altered so that their employees can return to work earlier. The ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions) assistant secretary Michael Borowick has revealed that the privacy of ill workers has been eroded, Employers, insurers and employer representatives are increasingly attending actual medical appointments with injured workers and, in some cases, forcing workers to attend company reinstates. Weve also had reports of doctors being pressured to change medical certificates and return-to-work plans.In May 2012, construction materials supplier Boral was warned by Fair Work Australia against allowing supervisors to accompa ny injured staff into doctors consulting rooms, with the workplace umpire saying it had the potential to operate unfairly. The Fair Work Ombudsman said that the Fair Work operation does not contain express provisions regarding whether an employer can accompany an employee to a medical appointment or have a private conversation with a doctor regarding the employees medical condition. Wilkins (2012) It is incredible to imagine that such an intrusion of intimate personal privacy is occurring in the workplace let alone that there is scant legislation to prevent it.An employer could argue that it is in the interest of the company to ensure that employees are acting honestly in relation to the true nature of their illness as sick days cost the company money in delays and decreased productivity. grocery store competitiveness is affected and workers compensation costs may also increase. By applying Utilitarianism theory, an employer may justify this action as it promotes the general welfa re of the company and is result orientated.Whereas the employee may argue that utilitarianism is focused on the results of the action not whether the action is morally right or wrong for the privacy of the individual worker. In shutting on balance the argument of the notion that an individuals privacy is more important than any other consideration in the workplace is affirmed. We now live in a society where we intend we are in control of our personal and private details when in reality our opinions, movements, interests and affiliations are being monitored constantly without our knowledge. An individuals right to privacy is dependent largely on the amount of information they share face to face, in writing or on the internet. It seems unfair that personal privacy should be sacrificed for corporate gain.BibliographyBooksShaw, W., Barry, V., & Sansbury, G. (2009) Moral Issues in Business (1st Asia-Pacific ed.), Cengage Learning. Melbourne, AustraliaJournalsAndrejevic, M. Commercial surveillance in the digital era, Living Ethics issue 87 (autumn 2012) Heersmink, R., van den Hoven, J., Jan van Eck, N.,van den Berg, J. Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics (2011) Springerlink.com LegislationPrivacy Act (1988) Commonwealth of AustraliaPrivacy and Personal Information Protection Act (1998) NSWWeb ArticlesA quarter of bosses head to Facebook to vet CVs http//www.news.com.au/technology/a-quarter-of-bosses-head-to-facebook-to-vet-cvs/story-e6frfro0-1226208260693 THE VECCI BLOG, Bosses heading online to inter job candidates, The Victorian Employers Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VECCI) 2011 http//blog.vecci.org.au/2011/11/30/bosses-heading-online-to-screen-job-candidates/Fair Work Australia, 2010 www.fairwork.gov.au/BestPracticeGuides/08-Workplace-privacy.doc Symons, P., Telstra Corporation Australia 2011 http//www.telstra.com.au/abouttelstra/download/document/telstra-cyber-cv-fact-sheet.pdf Newspaper ArticlesReynolds, E., The Daily Mirror (UK) 20 12 http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2115927/How-Facebook-cost-job-One-applicants-rejected-bosses-check-profiles-social-media-sites.html Wilkins, G., Bosses intruding on workers doctor visits Sydney Morning Herald, September 26, 2012 http//www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/bosses-intruding-on-workers-doctor-visits-20120925-26jh6.html?skin=text-only

Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour

Finally, the Zoo entropy set Is a fruitless one with 7 classes, which argon animal groups, with a total of 101 suits. Each animal instance contains 18 attributes, those of which include the animals name or race, 2 numeric for its legs and its type, and 15 Boolean-valued attributes those that involve simple yes or no answers. The following is an analysis of 4 classification algorithmic programs that can be optimally used for these data sets.ANN. would be a comfortably decision when simplicity and accuracy are the overwhelming factors, like in the Zoo data set. This classification algorithm does not focus on the prior probabilities, and is very economical in structure. The primary computation is the sorting procedures in order to guru out the k-nearest neighbors for the test data. There are many advantages. It is structurally trivial, but its able to make complex decision boundaries, it doesnt engage much reading to be able to work, it naturally gets in tune with our problem-sol ving techniques, and it learns easily.The disadvantages are that it takes quite a long season to classify and that its somewhat hard to find the best value for k. Decision tree The Decision Tree algorithm assists solve the problem of classifying data into multiple groups of data. It provides innovative rules for solving large amounts of classification assignments because it arks on every different type of data. Its well-suited for analyzing abundant amounts of info, much(prenominal) as the Adult data set, because it does not need to load all the data in the systems main memory all at the same time.It uses a root system to remove the burden of the problems difficulty. The Decision Tree exploration engine is used for assignments such as classifying databases or predicting results. These decision trees should be used when your mission is to assign your records to some ample categories. They help you out with rules that are easy to comprehend, ND those which can also help you pinpoi nt the best palm in case of future involvement in the project. There are an equal amount of advantages and disadvantages here.In the fresh side, it is easy to comprehend and to generate rules, and it makes your life a whole lot easier when the problem gets degraded in difficulty. On the other hand, once an error has been made on a node at direct n, then any and all nodes at level n-l, n-2, n-3, , n-k will also be wrong. Furthermore, it is not good at handling continuous variables. Nevertheless, being able to work with mass scale database files with Just his algorithm is reputable in itself.

The Negative Effects of Casinos

As stated in the Harvard psychic Health Letter, pathological maneuver has 0 symptoms, which include preoccupation with play, gambling with increased amounts of money, returns to gambling by and by losing money In order to rec everyplace the losses, and asking others for money to solve financial problems deliverd by gambling. harmonize to calendaring. Com, about 2. 5 cardinal adults in America be pathological gamblers and another 3 million of them should be considered problem gamblers, 15 million adults atomic number 18 at a risk for problem gambling and about 148 million are low-risk gamblers. There were more sociological and psychological tests done on the open(a) f casinos and gambling dependences these tests support my final thought and opinion, that casinos pull up stakes do more harm than assistance although, I will show both enamours. They will cause many problems and whitethorn pull down cause a domino effect starting with personal problems, than expanding to sociological unwraps, and leading to govern workforcetal tragedy. We will starting time look at the earliest set up of casinos which are the ones that effect Ameri throw outs personally. When one enters a casino for their freshman time, they dont realize the trouble lurking closely behind them.Upon premature gambling problems, most addicts dont even realize in that respect Is a problem. Herbert A. Bloch stated In The American Journal of Sociology. Its danger Lies In the fact that It interferes with the normal guess of responsibility which organized rescript compels. Simply implies that gambling most dangerous attack is the one in which impairs our Judgment of social and psychological norms to the point where we cannot make responsible decisions. Because of this, addictions may become bigger and may bring on other addictions, such as alcohol and drug abuse.Casinos cause financial problems In many lives of Americans, which also leads back to drug ND substance abuse because peop le use these to share with their problems. An physical exercise of the snare of addictions, which originate from the habit of gambling, would go hand and hand with a person who reads the literary work, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson. In the story the reader has no idea of the horror involved with the lottery they embrace it to be a normal money type reward, until the devastating end of the story, when the winner Is to be stoned.It Is cardinal to heed warnings and place Limitations when going to a casino, because If a casual drinker can turn Into an alcoholic, a casual gambler can turn into a compulsive gambler. Scripturally gambling is wrong, and many Christians believe it isnt a godly thing to do because you may win some other persons money that they over worn-out(a) and now have no bill or grocery money. In 1 Corinthians 813 it reads, Wherefore, if meat cassette my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standees, lest I make make my brother to offend. KAVA) T hey also believe that It Is wrong to be a bad example to others, so If a Eternal or Tamely memoir NAS Ana a gambling problem In ten past, Its Test to not associate with that person in a casino so they will not have any temptation. Gambling significantly affects the finances of many Americans. Casinos bring in over 500 billion dollars a year as stated by calendaring. Com. Sometimes the gambler puts his/her addiction before what is really burning(prenominal) in life, causing problems with work, friends, and even family.Spending budgeted money is a big issue within a family and causes problems, yet an even bigger argument is the fact that the time used in gambling is being robbed from the people who truly deserve it, same(p) children. MUSM Kayak states in an article on canticles. Mom, the spending of money is not the entirely devastating affect that this can have on kids, they can also suffer from other kinds of abuse such as verbal, physical and emotional. As these people operate to suffer from an enormous amount of stress, which will effectively make them angrier and more anxious. The psychological effects of gambling cause problems within the family, which may potentially break it up either by divorce or child services. The stress put on the gambler can come on so strong, that they witness helpless. They feel like there is no way out of the trap that they are in and sanctuary to felo-de-se. Many studies are now being done on this subject, to wait if the rise in suicide ratings has any correlation with the effects of casinos, though there are many cases that prove this to be true.A wider view of how casinos negatively affect Americans is by taking a look at the reactions within societies. A society is the bigger picture which is less personal, and more collective. We can view society as the people, areas and environments surrounding the casino. First, we enamour the amount of law-breaking increase within and surrounding casinos. This has been proven recently in Bangor, Minneapolis, where he topical anaesthetic paper Bangor Daily News, had an article stating, In 2008, offence increased to 65. 07 per 1,000 and this year 2010, the rate eclipsed 70. The increase was collectable to a casino, and they came to this conclusion, because other areas near or surrounding Bangor, had decreasing crime rates. The main 5 crime rates that increased were homicide, domestic violence, robbery, forgery, and drugs. Prostitution is also a big factor around casinos. Murders and fortify robberies happened more often in parking lots of casinos due to stalkers inside of the casino, that follow big winners. The crime helps with the dilapidation of neighborhoods, which is elementaryally the deterioration of a community. Neighborhoods look run down, and are filled with litter.When this occurs, property determine go down, homes become abandoned, drug propaganda elevates (also with the crime rates), and the neighborhood is considered to be, at all costs unsafe. Traffic elevates in areas that contain casinos causing higher averages of pollution. Gas franchisers increase the prices of gas and fuel around casinos because of the guaranteed flow of traffic. another(prenominal) bad result in society is an increased rate of accidents, hit and runs, and Duds all caused by either anxiety, rage, or being under the influence of alcohol or a substance.The biggest view to see how casinos negatively affect America is to look at its government. Look and view how the economy is, in todays realm, and cause to yourself if casinos can help. With people using their paychecks at casinos, they fall deeper into debt. People these days want easy money, and gambling is an extremely risky way to retrieve it. Especially because people believe that they have a 50/50 chance at winning, when in reality (it has been proven) to actually be 60/40- 70/30 in en salons Tabor. Casino taxes are extremely sustainable, Delving at ten Nell rate AT 21. % back in 2008, n evertheless, we have yet to see improvement on roads and in schools, which are where the tax payers wish see the notes go the most. And while funds have Just been mentioned, I must bring up the concern for loss of budgeting in many cases, by way of casinos. Because of crime, many more police officers are needed in the surrounding areas of the casino. Especially for the ones opened for 24 hrs. The funds used to pay for police officers come from federal and county funds, which could be used in more important fields. Unemployment rates have sky rocketed lately.And it has been true in many cases that unemployment money has been used within casinos, loss families in need, bills unpaid, and debts accumulating and some even with interest. Sadly the unemployment rates continue to rise and extensions continue to be rigid on many cases. Casinos are only hurting the financial of the addicted. Many families are also on welfare, due to the lack of money. And with the numbers of both unemploym ent and welfare rising, we can only expect our nations economy to go into a bigger deficit. If anything, we should raise gambling taxes. It is the right of an American to go to a casino.Most people who do go into a casino do not have a strong or habit-forming gambling problem. It is their individual decision which they are free to make. If humanity could not make decisions, we would have a world or society like the one in the literary work of Any Rand, Anthem, which states, We are one in all and all in one. There are no men but only the great WE,One, indivisible and forever. (19) Americans have many freedoms, it is possible for us to drink, to use medicine rugs, and even to gamble, but many Americans have proven that strength is needed when engaging in any of these.Just like the alcoholic starts off as a casual drinker, it is very possible for a casual gambler to become a pathological gambler. Casinos do provide Jobs for many Americans, but it robs the Americans that do have Jobs. T he basic argument that faces us is freedom verses right/wrong. That is up to you as an individual to decide. To conclude, you have seen the negative effects that are overcoming many Americans. Many problems, in which are controllable, but even more importantly avoidable. The only way to actually avoid these problems would be to eliminate casinos all together.Fewer financial problems within the family, society, and government is a great plus greener, cleaner neighborhoods with less traffic will help society fewer men and women on unemployment and welfare, and less police needed in and around the casinos area will provide more money for our nation eliminating some devastating debt. I believe that the best option for America would be to prohibit the building of anymore casinos and to begin shutting down the ones that are open now, starting with the larger ones.

Fences Research Paper Essay

Lives atomic number 18 lead with anxiety all over certain passings and with apprehension towards certain events. This mold, Fences written by the playwright August Wilson deals with the raiseion of a family finished the struggles of heaviness and the inability to obtain the Ameri croupe Dream. The characters in the play develop throughout the story and can be viewed or interpreted in many different right smarts, merely single man dust constant during the play and that is troy. Due to certain events that transpired as he was growing up, troy is shaped into a very stubborn yet proud man.To be a man who was obscure and proud ran the chance of frig aroundting destroyed, both physically and mentally. The world of the 1950s and 60s was rapidly changing and grew strange to troy weight as he was living in a place that he understood less and less separately day. troy grows bitter through his misconceptions of the world and lives a life devoted to everything other than his fami ly. As a conclusion of racial discrimination troy is unable to acquire his American Dream of becoming a baseball game player, which results in his extreme bitterness that negatively impacts his family relationships and makes him deeply aware of his mortality.troys dreams are frustrate due to accounts of racism that occur in his life and he refuses to acknowledge that any racial progress has been made. Although he is constantly told he is too old to play baseball, troy weight sees it in different way. To troy weight ability has nonhing to do with age, he believes the single reason for him non making it in the study leagues is racism. Troys longings to become a baseball player are obstructed by oppression and discrimination. Like many black athletes, Troy was not given the same opportunities as white mass were, which streng henceed his already adamant view toward the humor of ones s fine-tune vs. he saturation of ones skin Im talking about if you could play ball then they ought to have let you play.Dont care what colorize you were (Wilson 18). Troy personates frustrated with the blatant racism that keeps him from compete in the Major Leagues. Troy feels as though he was robbed of a professional life history in baseball strictly because of his race, the racial barrier constantly overshadows him and his family and has over time made him a bitter man. In an effort to help the reader render Troys feelings toward his failure, Wilson writes as Troy Dont ome telling me I was too old. I Just wasnt the right color (Wilson 39). Although not specifically quoted by Troy, he has been worn down due to constant oppression and has been changed into a man whom he did not aspire to be like his spawn. Troys animosity towards black people not haltting equal opportunities as white people affects his ideals as a father and jeopardizes the future of his family. Troys story isnt particularly special in this era, it was very commonalty for racism and oppression to me ddle and change peoples lives.Not specific to baseball but in ecumenical life, many things were completely segregated as explained by Kim Pereira Wilson used the fence and baseball to tell this story. It was not on the nose a story of a life perceived as a failure, but a look into the minds and thoughts of an African American in the 1950s (Pereira 47). Very few people before the urbane rights movements in the 1960s were acting out against racism, and many black people accepted this and began to believe that they were in fact, the inferior race. Troy cannot see the clear racial progress that has been made since he played baseball.As life progressed since Troy had faced oppression during his early years, he found it difficult to accept that things had changed. Troys racial arrogance is shown as he talks to Cory about baseball players not playing because of where they are from Got that boy Puerto Rican boy Clemente. Dont even half-play him He gets lots of chances to play (Wilson 59) . Troy clearly believes that people are still not given opportunities to play or excel in something because of the color of their skin, but Cory is denying this claim and states that that is not the case anymore and things have moved forward, at to the lowest degree in this instance.The aspect of social change had opportunities to erupt during the 1950s people were so set on their views, and much like Troy very few were go outing to believe that there was change. Howard Shapiro analyzed this issue Its set in the late 50s in an American rapidly moving for an upheaval that depart bring massive social change change Troy Maxson either fails to see or cannot understand (Shapiro) Troys reluctance to accept social change puts the future of his family at risk and boodle Cory from progressing through life and out of the ghetto.Troy is constantly exposed to racism and attempts to overcome it in routine life. There are many instances throughout the book of black people, a good deal imp rinting very securely to try and get an opportunity to make something of their lives. This opportunity that is searched for is constantly dismissed because of the underlining theme of racism. Troy isnt one to stand up for himself, but does when he speaks to his boss about inequality in the work area I went to Mr. Rad and asked him why? Why you got white mens driving and the aslant man lifting? (Wilson 19) Troys frustration in dealing with racism and inequality everyday reflects his frustrations from be denied a career in baseball. Despite Troys efforts to work large(p), he along with many others is not given a chance to change the lives of their families. Troy says that he works as hard as possible and receives nothing for it Im working every day and cant get not credit (Wilson 15) Troy is overlooked because of the color of their skin, and in being constantly discriminated against Troys future is limited.Although there has been some racial progress by the 1950s, there are not a ny significant breakthroughs until the civil rights movement. Through the voice of Troy, Wilson describes and example of oppression where a negro walks into a restaurant and cannot get served, but when a white man walks in everybody drops what he or she is doing and rushes to the support of the white man. Wilson references the Pope picking out the meat from the stew for the white man, formulation that everybody will get down on his or her hands and knees to cater for that one man. An instance like this occurred very often and is made an example out of.Troy displaces his relationships with go up and Cory, who end up resenting him because of his ostracizing actions. As a result of being exposed to failure when growing up with his father, Troy seems to have adopted the idea that when things get difficult it is easier to just walk forth. In doing so Troy unknowingly affects the lives of those around him. Troy ruins his marriage ceremony with Rose due to his never-ending need to esca pe responsibility. Troy does not have a adept of familial obligation and much like his father puts a lot of effort into getting out-of-door from his duties as a father.He wants to get away from the pressures of family life and is driven towards another woman with whom he has an affair, and explains it as She gives me a different ideaI can step out of this house and get away from the pressures and problems (Wilson 68). Troy is forever reluctant to accept his responsibilities, he understands that he is a father but all that he associates with this role is providing money, as that is all anybody asks of him. Troy is very hypocritical in saying he is the man of the house, yet acting as far from it as possible.In neglecting his family, Troy destroys his relationships with his wife, and children. As Kim Pereira analyses Troy delays building the fence, as though fearful of the restrictions it will place on him. Something within him rebels against the idea of being cut off from the world, having no escape from the pressures of family life (Pereira 49). It is evident that Troy is fearful of the exemplary meaning of the fence rather than the fence itself. Placing possible restrictions on him, Troy is reluctant to put it up he feels it might force him to live a life devoted to his family, with no escape.In marrying Troy, Rose took a huge gamble in putting all of her aspirations and dreams aside to live a family life, one devoted to her husband and children. When finding out that her husband has cheated on her Roses goals and possible futures were destroyed, she was betrayed by the man she invested in I took all my feelings, my wants and needs, my dreamsand I buried them inside of you. I planted a seed and waited and prayed over it (Wilson 45). Troy betrayed the trust of Rose, and not only cheated her but the family as well, any goals they had, are now shattered because of his selfishness.Harold Bloom suggests that once Troy speaks to death following fights with loved ones he destroys his family Troy stands alone on stage and speaks directly to death. These meetings follow confrontations, first with Rose and then with Cory, during which Troy manages to kill the love from those he loves the most (Bloom). After Troy manages to kill the love he accepts death and acknowledges that it will eventually come. Troy shifts all of his attention to one aspect of his life and in doing so neglects and pushes away those who love him.Cory takes umbrage against Troy, as a result of the restrictions that are placed upon him. Due to Troys failure in baseball he is diffident to let Cory play football in college. He faced racism in trying to become a professional athlete and fears the same emergency for Cory The white man aint gonna let you get nowhere with that football no way (Wilson 78). Troy sees his time that he used to pursue a career in baseball was haggard and is now trying to avoid Cory from going through the same thing. In response to his own disappointme nt, Troy demands Cory to give up on his dream.Troy believes that to be successful you have to work hard and that you catch where you get to, but believes that something interfered on his path to success. Troy thinks that life has never been fair to his family and never helped him out, it is just an obstruction Life dont owe you nothing (Wilson 83). In his eyes somebody deliver the goods in life means that they think they are better than others, Troy begins to shows this characteristic when Cory has the opportunity to play college football and possibly make something of his life, as Kim Pereira explains This seeming lack of affection is hard on Cory who plainly worships his father.But every attempt to emulate Troy is met with disapproval, and slowly, their lives begin to revolve in concentric circles initiation at the same center, destined to describe similar patterns (Pereira 44). Despite Cory wanting a relationship with his father, Troy is hesitant to show any affection toward his own son because of his pride.