Crime analysis and investigation 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime analysis and investigation 2 - Essay Example Such an environment is most favorable for criminals and morally weak employees can make a lot of unjust money. The criminals can be experienced and trusted employees. One such story of crime is narrated in this paper. (Actors are Mr. X and the client). Mr. X has been working as a Marketing Manager for ABC company for over 5 years. He is responsible for earning the company new contracts. ABC company has been performing services in the Construction Industry for quite a while and has managed to gain the satisfaction of clients. Often, a client would directly approach ABC company for the execution of a new project. Therefore, the clients make negotiated contracts with ABC company. Mr. X makes all correspondence with the client on behalf of ABC company. One day a client calls him since the client wants ABC company to perform the services of a contractor on his upcoming project. Mr. X and the client exchange words. The client told Mr. X that he wants ABC company to construct a plaza for him. He says that he wants a lump sum contract with ABC company and gives Mr. X a set of drawings and the contract documents. Mr. X does not discuss about the offer with the owners, and tells the client an exaggerated price on behalf of the ABC company. He does that so that he can convince the client that he should instead choose Mr. X for his new project instead of ABC company. He tells the client that he is ready to complete the project at a much lower price than that of ABC company. The client accepts the offer and selects Mr. X to perform the services of contractor for his project. Thus Mr. X commits the crime of betraying his company and meets the clients for personal

International marketing management

International marketing management Understanding the culture in a country or region in which we are doing business is a critical skill for the international business person. Without this knowledge, a successful outcome to the business venture can be in jeopardy. Culture is the quality in a person or society is regard to excellent in art, manners etc. Definition of culture: culture is the identity of a nation; culture is the achievement deposit of general knowledge, religion, hierarchies, belief, values, and experience by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture is a perception. Its not something that physically touched or seen. Culture is the environment and relation between one with other. Culture is communication and communication is culture. Different culture: we can describe the culture differentiation by related cultures, Psychology and culture. Culture differences vary on people behaviour, attitude, religion and experience. Related culture refers to that different nation management based on its cultural attitude; Cultural system makes management its own differentiation between others. Psychology and culture is the behaviour or thinking differences between others, for example, village cultural people normally their profession is farming and when they try to do any business or something their thinking starts from farming that how to grow more crops because its their main profession culture and the other hand the people who buy the crops they will try to improved the business and their thinking will get more crops in cheap price or they can sell that in high price in the market. Culture and business behaviour, Business policy or style are based on culture, business works run their own cultural way. Without the cultural attitude a good business run is impossible. In different culture business behaviour is vary on its cultural attitude. How the affect of culture on marketing policy: differences of culture is important to know for a multinational firms, its provide the knowledge of innovation and the policy of marketing. Marketing based on cultural equality with the good quality of brand that can fulfil the cultural demand, cultural needs its important to know for marketing without gaining the knowledge marketing will unimpeachable. The brand loyalty is important for marketing if brand loyalty does not stay longer the marketing will unaffectable. High quality of brand is the key of marketing and culture helps to learn to take brand on the desire position. Brand loyalty reflects its cultural differentional value. Cultural knowledge helps marketing to get the relation with the consumer. Consumer satisfaction is the important part of marketing by providing good brand and keeping brand loyalty is the result of customer in return. In different culture there is different way of marketing in western marketing like such as l eafleting, advertising etc. Marketing is important to keep the customer informed about the new brand and upgrading quality and also new offers that helps to keep the relation with the customer. Good marketing is also the key of good business. According to Nakata and Sivakumar (2001) suggest that the implement of marketing concepts can be expressed in the generation, dissemination, and national culture. International marketing affect on culture: culture nature assess to managers is essential for international market. We explain the affectedness in eight categories is below. Language is very important for communication and communication is the important part for marketing. In global marketing the languages may vary use difference languages. In marketing it is very important to make customer understand that what the product we are trying to sell. In this case language is very important, customer will not talk on my language, I have to talk on customer language to explain them the features of the product. Religion is another nature of culture. Organization needs to make sure that the products and services are not unlawful; distasteful to local nation otherwise it will lose its market position and the demand. For an example, In Arabic countries if we try to marketing wine, beer or any kind of alcohol, the market value will very poor and it might get the cultural reaction. Religion is people believed, that people respect and no one wants to go beyond their religion. So in international marketing a marketer must have to be careful about the religion on his marketing process. Values and attitude vary between nations, so before to take a product to other culture or nation we have make sure that it does not make affect on their tradition and dignity. For example in china Nike TV was manufactured by US was banned because to advertise the TV they animated a cartoon of kung fu masters and dragons and Chinese people didnt except that because they thought it was insult on their nation dignity. Education in international market will vary. In international marketing is important to know the nations education level and the percentiles of educated people. Where the literacy level is low there advertising on the news paper or on magazine will not that affect able. To marketing on that nations radio or TV advertising will be much affect able. Media plays an important role on this ground and in high literacy culture newspaper or paper leaflet plays royal role. Social organizations are how a nation is organized. For example, whats the position of women in this society, how is the country governed or civilized. Technology and Material Culture are also important for international Marketing. The value and the power are use for the product that must be affordable, using developed technology the cost can be reduce and also the quality can improved. The product or service has to be in low cost that all classes people are able to buy that. Law and politics will vary in different nations. For an example, in some countries the society based on democratic marketing and on the other hand in Arabic country the marketing is based on Islam and shariah tradition. A marketer has to follow the law and politics to be the gainer or otherwise it will lose its interest. Aesthetics will vary in our sense, taste etc. For example, if something taste good or smell feels good or looks beautiful consumer will go for it again, but all the feature of the product must have to be good, if the one good and not the other it will not be success. International marketer is usually known to do marketing in more than one country. Now a days international marketer plays a important role in the globalization market and better marketing makes better demand. Marketing plays an important role in business and a marketer plays the lead role on this position and thats why experienced and knowledgeable marketer is demandable in the global market. Marketers use different techniques, different policy to get the brand in demandable stage in the market. According to Robert Guang Tian â€Å"It is important for the marketers know that there is no room for ethnocentrism in the 21st Century marketing practice.† Marketers will need to know how to translate an understanding of cultural differences into effective cross-cultural marketing strategies turning them into a direct plan of action. Cultural illusion is natural but to avoid the illusion a marketer must have to be experienced and knowledge about the culture differences. Illusion process in marketing: We can say a better marketing increased the product demand. As we know culture is the identity of a nation and marketing success is based on this identity. Global market has global nature. For an example, if we do marketing for wine in Arabic country it will not worked because all kind of alcohol is forbidden there because of those country are based on their religion Islam. Similarly if we think about marketing of any brand of cloths it also vary on different culture, different cultural people wear their traditional cloths like most of Asian women they would like to wear sharies rather than skirt or other dresses because of its their culture and they feel comfortable by wearing this on the other hand most of the western women even dont know how to wear a sharee they feel more comfortable by wearing jeans, skirt etc because of their culture. Global environment is global trade culture and organization has been trading with each other for centuries and thi s trade without marketing is unthinkable. How illusion creates on marketer: A marketer must focus on getting attention of customer because marketing is for customer without customer there is no marketing. Customers good relationship and keep them return is the marketer responsibility. Marketer have to make the customer understand that the features of the product, advantage and what the specialty on the product that helps the customer to buy the product but have to be able to reduce cost on customer demand -sometimes some of the environmentally preferred materials are more expensive but the firm have to finding ways through scaling the usage of some of these materials to reduce the cost and save money. Every decision start with a problem, a discrepancy between an existing and a desired condition and a smart marketer should know how to treat with those situations. Cultures are not converging. The prediction of a convergence of culturally different markets into a â€Å"one-world† culture that would facilitate standardization of global marketing activities has turned out to be an illusion. Culture does not support for marketing, the marketer have to do the marketing as the environment nature is. To marketing in a different culture a marketer must know the currency, the way of business, customer demand, how to keep the customer satisfaction, how developed service will better for this new environment, whats the different and special feature need to put on the product or services to make differences between others. A marketer has to be careful about customer demand and also the product quality because once it lost the customer demand and satisfaction; the product will be out market. Marketer has to gain customer trust by providing good quality. Cultural differences make marketer to take different strategy or policy. A smart marketer got thei r own policy or strategy to face the different culture. For an example, Recently Nike demands new rules on valuing business, the global chief executive of Nike, one of the most powerful retail brands in the world, has said that companies will have to find more sophisticated ways of judging value and impact on the environment if they are to resist being pushed around by short-term investors seeking a quick profit. The big challenges are twofold. First, moving more Nike business in to direct retail to the customer rather than wholesale supply. Second, tackling shareholder short-termism, which drive a focus on profit margins and bottom lines to the detriment of other considerations of social value post the 2008 crash. People prefer local brands. Typically home product and service is more affect able to the consumer than the foreign product. So some smart marketer does much advertizing and marketing about their product to get their local consumer keep in touch. Local brand is more cheap and reachable for the customer. For an example, Asian countries are famous for spices because of their weather support their cultivation thats why the spices so cheap and consumer reachable but in western countries the weather is not good enough for their cultivation, so most of the spices the import from other counties and this is expensive than the Asian countries and they are capable or expert to use the spices. Accordingly, not only does culture influence marketing; but marketing also influences culture. Marketers can act as agents of changes within a culture. For an example, Wang cares an American computer company was refused in united Kingdom to use their motto because of its name is sound too close of the word ‘wankers which is not good for a company image. A company name and product quality is the key of consumer response. Good quality always gets good response and off course to get the good response marketer plays an important role in marketing but marketer must have to respect the culture or the tradition and laws, without obeying that marketer will not get any space in the market so each marketer have to follow the rules of culture. To marketing a product in to a different culture marketer have to identify the needs of the culture, for an example, In Rajasthan is the one part of India which is full of desert most of the time the land is dry but if we think to marketing their for Umbrella or winter cloths like jacket the marketing will not that much profitable because this nature does not need this product. Marketing research method also creates illusion on marketer. A marketer has to research on the nations marketing strategy; marketing strategy will vary in different nations. Conclusion: In my point of view everyone like their products from their own perspective but the marketer have to make consumer understand how is the product and it going to be useful for them or not and a marketer have to be much smart to face all kind of situation.. So international marketing is very important for the global trade and to achieve the goal international marketing have the culture. Reference: 1. Chris Phillips, Isobel Doole, Robin Lowe, 1994, International marketing strategy: analysis, development, and implementation, p-90, published by routledge. 2. Retrieved 12th February 2010 from: http://www.tamu.edu/classes/cosc/choudhury/culture.html 3. Retrieved 16th February 2010 from: http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_international_marketing_culture.htm 4. Retrieved 22th February 2010 from: Defining Cross-Cultural Marketing 5. Stanley J. Paliwoda, John K. Ryans, 2008, International marketing, p-582, published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Bibliography: 1. Andrew Bard Schmookler, 2003, The illusion of choice: how the market economy shapes our destiny, published by state University of New York.. 2. George Silverman, The secret of word-of-mouth marketing: how to trigger exponential sales, 2001, Published by AMA publication. 3. Hans Muhlbacher, Helmuth Leihs, Lee Dahringer, 2006, International marketing: a global perspective, 3rd ed, published by Thomson learning. 4. Prof Jean-Claude Usunier and Julie Lee, 2005, Marketing across culture, 4th ed, published by Prentice Hall 5. Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, Veronica Wong, John Saunders, 2008, Principles of marketing, 5th European ed, published by Pearson Education Limited. 6. Robert Guang Tian, Ph. D, Associate Professor of Business Administration http://www.studyoverseas.com/america/usaed/crosscultural.htm [access 8th February 2010]

Analysis of Samuel Adams and Boston Beer Company Essay -- beer industr

The Boston Beer Company and Samuel Adams have both had a long history. Since the 1870s, six generations of the Koch family have been involved with beer. In the early 1980s, the seventh generations almost turned his back on the family business. After graduating from graduate school, Jim Koch wanted to stray always for the family business and seek a career in management consulting. After a short time in the consulting business, Koch decided that he just could not ignore his destiny to create a new, different beer. In 1984, Koch was on the search for a â€Å"better beer†. The only options at the time on the market were pale lagers from mass producers (Company), Koch decided there needed to be a change. In April 1985, Samuel Adams made in bar debut. At first, Koch and his partner, Rhonda Kallmen, were the only employees and were only producing 500 barrels a year. The company has now grown to 400 wholesalers, 200 sales representatives and 6 million barrels of beer produced each y ear. Because of the creativeness of Jim Koch the craft beer industry has been forever changed. Structure and Strategy Boston Beer Company has always structured themselves as a craft beer maker. Their strategy is to always strive to give their loyal customers a â€Å"better beer†. Their idea of a better beer includes giving their customer a higher quality, a better and unique taste, and a sophisticated image. Along with the strategy to a better beer for the customer, Boston Beer and Samuel Adams also pay close attention to their operations strategy. Their operations strategy includes paying close attention to the brewing process from start to finish. The producers are involved in every step of the brewing process. They hand select all of the raw materials, they br... ... on top of the craft beer industry. Through their business strategy, structure, strengths, and adaptability, Samuel Adams is a company that will continue to grow and continue to provide their customer with a better beer. Works Cited Company, Boston Beer. Samuel Adams- Our Craft Beers. n.d. 6 Nov. 2015. . Polgar, by Richard. NYS Bottle Bill: Deposit & No Return. September 2011. 6 Nov. 2015. . Ruggles, M. 4 Main Ingredients in Beer and Why They are Important. 29 April 2011. 6 Nov. 2015. . SABMiller. Vers. ww.sabmiller.com. n.d. 8 Nov. 2015. Verive, John. Los Angeles Times: Food. 19 September 2013. 6 Nov. 2015. . Analysis of Samuel Adams and Boston Beer Company Essay -- beer industr The Boston Beer Company and Samuel Adams have both had a long history. Since the 1870s, six generations of the Koch family have been involved with beer. In the early 1980s, the seventh generations almost turned his back on the family business. After graduating from graduate school, Jim Koch wanted to stray always for the family business and seek a career in management consulting. After a short time in the consulting business, Koch decided that he just could not ignore his destiny to create a new, different beer. In 1984, Koch was on the search for a â€Å"better beer†. The only options at the time on the market were pale lagers from mass producers (Company), Koch decided there needed to be a change. In April 1985, Samuel Adams made in bar debut. At first, Koch and his partner, Rhonda Kallmen, were the only employees and were only producing 500 barrels a year. The company has now grown to 400 wholesalers, 200 sales representatives and 6 million barrels of beer produced each y ear. Because of the creativeness of Jim Koch the craft beer industry has been forever changed. Structure and Strategy Boston Beer Company has always structured themselves as a craft beer maker. Their strategy is to always strive to give their loyal customers a â€Å"better beer†. Their idea of a better beer includes giving their customer a higher quality, a better and unique taste, and a sophisticated image. Along with the strategy to a better beer for the customer, Boston Beer and Samuel Adams also pay close attention to their operations strategy. Their operations strategy includes paying close attention to the brewing process from start to finish. The producers are involved in every step of the brewing process. They hand select all of the raw materials, they br... ... on top of the craft beer industry. Through their business strategy, structure, strengths, and adaptability, Samuel Adams is a company that will continue to grow and continue to provide their customer with a better beer. Works Cited Company, Boston Beer. Samuel Adams- Our Craft Beers. n.d. 6 Nov. 2015. . Polgar, by Richard. NYS Bottle Bill: Deposit & No Return. September 2011. 6 Nov. 2015. . Ruggles, M. 4 Main Ingredients in Beer and Why They are Important. 29 April 2011. 6 Nov. 2015. . SABMiller. Vers. ww.sabmiller.com. n.d. 8 Nov. 2015. Verive, John. Los Angeles Times: Food. 19 September 2013. 6 Nov. 2015. .

Goal formulation statement Essay

Goals are developed from the SWOT analysis. This is not a wishful thinking. Goals describe objectives that are specific with respect to magnitude and time. A goal is a realistic, measurable, time-dated target of accomplishment in the future. Why goal formulation so important thing for strategic planning? Strategic planning is a process that determines the future of organization. Goal formulation determines resource allocation needed. Having a proven process for strategic planning and goal formulation makes the effort more efficient. This assures that a strategic plan will provide a frame that will shape a company’s future. Goals formulation converts the company’s mission, objectives, strategic vision to specific performance targets, something the company’s progress can be determined. All goals must be stated in quantifiable or measurable terms, contain a deadline for achievement. Let’s consider a goal formulation process in terms of mobile restaurant business with food to-go, which is popular in the United States but still not presented here in Kazakhstan. Worldwide crisis gave a way to this specific business where not only professionals – chief cooks that has been fired or lost their business due to being unprofitable – even simple ex-office clerk who lost job during recession can run it. Cooks prepare and sell food right on the street where truck parked. The main goal of every business is to generate profit. However, the goals of every business change, depending on the type of industry they are in, the demands of the market, the current condition of the market. To be specific  When setting business goals, entrepreneur should keep in mind that specificity is really important to visualize exactly how the end result would be. For example:† Generate sales of $ 500 000 after running my mobile restaurant entity for year† is more specific goal, than simple â€Å"I want to be rich†. Then, one more specific goal is how much â€Å"branches† with me – â€Å"trucks†, I wish to have after a specific number of years, the exact number of employees after a year, the exact number of customers I regularly have on a daily basis. To be measurable This aspect of goal formulation is tied up with specificity. I need to have a unit of measurement to determine how close I am to my goals. For example, during measuring financial status, I need to measure sales, expenses per day. To be Attainable A good approach is to divide a huge goal into smaller objectives to help entrepreneur achieve through smaller steps. Setting realistic goals, based on personal capability, the current workforce and the resources available in the company. To be Realistic  To know how to set right goals, I have to check current capabilities and resources first, check how well the business is doing and do a thorough evaluation before setting business goals. For example, I can check how many customers I have, how many total sales generate per day, then make goal formulation on the daily basis. I have to be careful about the current situation on the market, as well as the demand for particular product service. Another thing is to create marketing scheme, which helps make goals more realistic. To be â€Å"Time-bound† Business goes on as long as I have enough resources and manpower to sustain it. This is a ideal marketing to set goals on a daily, monthly, quarterly and yearly basis. I suppose setting huge goals in a short interval of time can lead to unreal and unattainable results, still setting small goals over a long period of time can lead to delay and wastage. Set task and use enough time for accomplishment for business to grow. Business plan includes goals formulation in its first part. This is really important for businessman, especially if he seeks an investor. It’s extremely significant to look narrowly at goals of the business over at least one full year. Entrepreneur should do a monthly review of business to identify which goals have been accomplished. After year, recheck and adjust everything. A business will go on to progress as long as there are available goals and objectives. Even if business doing well, setting new goals and working with the trends must take place.

Admission Essay for Nursing School

Education has always been a great asset in my life. It happened to be the only heritage my parents were able to give me because of their income level, but I think that it was the best thing one can give a child.Opening the gateway to the professional world, education I obtained equipped me with competitive skills and knowledge that paved the way for my career as funeral director. Today, I am once again seeking the help of education to spearhead my career and to accomplish a transition to the field of nursing that has been my long-standing dream.At this point, I have set for myself distinct goals: to obtain a Bachelor’s degree in Nursing and later continue to a Master’s course, specializing in Anesthetics, Registered Nurse Practitioner or ER/trauma.I am sure †¦ school will be the right place to achieve my career goals, considering its outstanding reputation, rigorous academic standards, and Christian aspects of the program. Together with my extensive working backgro und, I believe the school can open the doors to many fields in the healthcare industry, helping me make a serious contribution to the profession.On my part, I am willing to bring my integrity, commitment, responsibility, and a hard-working spirit to the program. Given my personal maturity and a long successful career, I have arrived at the decision to switch to nursing as a result of lengthy deliberation that led me to the conviction that this is an excellent opportunity to enrich my professional life.I realize that the program will pose a challenge to my stable life, but I also know that I am convinced that I need to accomplish the transition to nursing and willing to bear the burden. I believe that my determination is what will help me to succeed in the academic courses, and my working experience and excellent reputation will help me realize my professional aspirations later on.   

Using Reflexive Verbs in Spanish

Using Reflexive Verbs in Spanish A verb is used reflexively when the subject of the verb is also its object. An example of a simple sentence using a reflexive verb is Pedro se lava (Pedro is washing himself). In that sentence Pedro is both the subject (the one doing the washing) and the object (the person begin washed). Note that the reflexive pronoun (in this case se) typically precedes the verb (although it can be attached to infinitives). Key Takeaways: Spanish Reflexive Verbs The subject and object of a reflexive verb is the same. For example: She is watching herself in the mirror.Not all Spanish reflexive verbs are translated as reflexive in English.Reflexive verbs can be used for emphasis or to avoid saying who is performing the verbs action. Here are the main ways such verbs are used: Verb's Subject Acting on Itself As in the example above, this is the most straightforward use of reflexive verbs, and it is certainly the most common way they are used in English. In plural form the pronoun can often be translated as themselves or each other, depending on the context. Some examples: Puedo verme en el espejo. (I can see myself in the mirror.) ¿Quà © te compraste? (What did you buy for yourself?)Se estaban admirando. (They were admiring themselves. Or, they were admiring each other.)Pablo se habla. (Pablo talks to himself.) Verbs Used Only in Reflexive Form Some verbs in Spanish are used only in the reflexive form, and they may or may not be translated to English using a reflexive construction. In dictionaries, such verbs traditionally are listed with a se at the end of the infinitive, as in abstenerse, which means to abstain. Me abstengo de votar. (I am abstaining from voting.)Teresa se arrepentià ³ de sus errors. (Teresa regretted her errors.)Me resigno a no tener dinero. (I am resigning myself to having no money.) Reflexive Verbs Translated as Nonreflexive Verbs Some Spanish verbs make perfect sense when understood in a reflexive way, but we typically dont translate them that way into English. For example, levantar means to lift, while its reflexive counterpart, levantarse, could be understood to mean to lift oneself, but is usually translated as to get up. Quiero baà ±arme. (I want to take a bath. Literally, I want to bathe myself.) ¡Sià ©ntate! (Sit down! Literally, seat yourself!)Voy a vestirme. (I am going to get dressed. Literally, I am going to dress myself.)Me afeito cada maà ±ana. (I shave every morning. Literally, I shave myself every morning.)Patricia se acercà ³ la casa. (Patricia approached the house. Literally, Patricia brought herself closer to the house.)Se llama Eva. (Her name is Eva. Literally, she calls herself Eva.) Verbs Changing Meaning in Reflexive Form Making a verb reflexive can change its meaning in ways that arent always predictable. Sometimes the difference in meaning is subtle. Following are some common examples; not all possible meanings of the verbs are included. abonar, to pay money; abonarse, to subscribe (as to a periodical)abrir, to open; abrirse, to open up (in the sense of confiding in someone)acordar, to agree, to decide; acordarse, to rememberacusar, to accuse; acusarse, to confesscallar, to be quiet; callarse, to become quietcerrar, to close; cerrarse, to close oneself off emotionallycombinar, to combine; combinarse (plural forms), to take turnsdormir, to sleep; dormirse, to fall asleepir, to go; irse, to go awayllevar, to carry; llevarse, to take awayponer, to put; ponerse, to put on, to wearsalir, to leave; salirse, to leave unexpectedly, to leak Reflexive Verbs for Emphasis Some verbs can be used reflexively to add emphasis. The distinction isnt always readily translated to English. For example, comà ­ la hamburguesa, means I ate the hamburger, but the reflexive form, me comà ­ la hamburguesa, could be translated the same way, or perhaps as I ate up the hamburger or I ate the whole hamburger. Similarly, pià ©nsalo might be translated as think about it, whereas pià ©nsatelo might be translated the same way or as think about it thoroughly. The 'Reflexive Passive' Often, particularly with inanimate objects, the reflexive form is used to indicate an occurrence without indicating the person or thing responsible for that occurrence. Such uses of the reflexive are typically the equivalent of passive verb forms in English, as in the following examples: Se cerraron las puertas. (The doors were closed.)Se habla espaà ±ol aquà ­. (Spanish is spoken here.)Se venden recuerdos. (Souvenirs are sold, or souvenirs for sale.) Reflexive Forms for Emotional Reactions Emotional reactions are often indicated by reflexive verb forms. For example, enojar means to anger. In the reflexive form, enojarse means to become angry or to be angry. Thus, se enoja contra su amigo could be used to say, he gets angry at his friend. Among the many verbs used in such a way are aburrirse, to be bored; alegrarse, to be happy; dolerse, to be hurt; emocionarse, to be excited; horrizarse, to be horrified; and sorprenderse, to be surprised.

miller and Fitzgeralds essays

miller and Fitzgeralds essays The great Gatsby and Death of a salesman Miller and Fitzgerald have presented two modern day tragic figures in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby. They document superbly the downfall of two men who followed the great American dream- the assumption that anyone can make their way to the top through hard work. Willy (in Death of a salesman), believes that his dream to be a success in life has been realised and in doing so lives a lie. He was rarely able to tell the truth to himself or others. Jay Gatsby (in The Great Gatsby) on the other hand believes that if he can achieve his dream i.e.: to win Daisy back, then he can wipe out the past and live again as if the past never happened. The main difference between these two characters is that at the end of Gatsbys life, he realizes his dream was flawed and that he couldnt wipe out everything from the past where as Willy never completely recognized his failings and certainly didnt attempt to overcome them. Miller chose to show Willys life in the form of a play. Miller uses multiple settings along with a mix of lighting and sound to allow Willys thoughts to transfer from the objective to the subjective views. Miller does this to show Willys reflections on significant events in his past that he would probably prefer to forget. These reflections, along with Willys ramblings leave the audience wondering about Willys state of mind and leaves them with no doubt that Willys life has been full of lies and deception. In Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, time is also used to create an effect. Nick Carraway retells the story of Jay Gatsby two years after the event. Even though Fitzgerald doesnt introduce Jay until chapter 5, Nick Carraways narration leaves the audience feeling that they know him well already. Fitzgerald encourages ...

September 2007 Most Popular Posts

September 2007 Most Popular Posts September 2007 Most Popular Posts September 2007 Most Popular Posts By Daniel Scocco Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to Know: Even though Latin is considered a dead language (no country officially speaks it), its influence upon other languages makes it still important. Latin words and expressions are present in virtually all the languages around the world, as well as on different scientific and academic fields. The Freelance Writing Jobs I Avoid: The convenience of the Web has made freelance writing more convenient. Jobs are easier to find, but rejection letters can arrive much more quickly! The Web also has opened up a new range of business practices, some good, some bad. Here are the types of freelance writing jobs that I steer away from, if possible, having tried most of them. Punctuation Errors: Multiple Punctuation Marks: The exclamation mark, the ellipsis and the question mark have clear roles inside the English language, and you should trust them. Increasing the number of exclamation or question marks at the end of a sentence might appear to increase the overall emphasis, but in reality it just makes your text ugly and informal. Six Rules for Making Subjects and Verbs Agree: If you want to write proper English, you have to follow a rule called â€Å"subject-verb agreement.† That means that if the subject is plural (ducks), then the verb needs to be plural (quack). If the subject is singular (duck) then the verb needs to be singular (quacks). â€Å"Forte† or â€Å"Fortà «,† â€Å"Cache† or â€Å"Cachet†?: How many times have you heard people say something is not their â€Å"forte† and pronounce forte as /for tay/? Writing and Selling Your Mystery Novel: Some novelists like to begin with a blank page and see where their thoughts take them. This approach may be good enough to get started, but if it’s a mystery you want to write, sooner or later you’ll need a plan. The Art Of Writing News: News writing is a key skill for journalists, but it helps with other types of writing as well. That’s because news writing is about telling a story quickly and concisely. Anyone can learn to do this, with a bit of help. Here’s how you can write the news and get your story across. The technique also works well for writing press releases. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Empathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Dozen: Singular or Plural?

Analyzing short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyzing short story - Essay Example Doing the later helps to break the cycles that haunt them and their families, and forces them into a life which will be an escape from their difficult backgrounds. In relation to this, two short stories by Canadian writers namely An Ounce of Cure by Alice Munro and Cages by Guy Vanderhaeghe shall be analyzed. These two works are based on the theme if escape and the main characters do their best to ensure that they live a better life than their parents do. The setting is remarkably sober, and this helps to show that the writers intend for the stories to be serious matters and not to be taken lightly by the readers. In this paper, an analysis of Munro’s and Vanderhaeghe’s works shall be made based on the development of their characters, the conflicts which they face, and finally, the resolutions of these conflicts. These factors are set to determine whether the teenagers involved in these stories will become successful once they reach adulthood. It also shows the situatio ns which they have to undergo during this stage of their lives. In the end, it shall be determined whether the main characters featured in these stories succeed to achieve their dreams or they fail. In Munro’s An Ounce of Cure, the main character is a mature woman who looks at her past actions as a teenager. The story is related in the first person, and it reveals a person who has grown up and considers her actions as a teenager to have been foolish. It is a story of a young teenage girl who is hopelessly taken with a young man, Martin Collingwood, who shatters her heart. In an attempt to get rid of the pain which Martin has caused her, she indulges in alcohol, which gets her into trouble because her community frowns upon alcohol consumption. In Vanderhaeghe’s Cages, on the other hand, the main character is Billy, the younger son of a miner. His father would like for him and his brother to work hard so that they can avoid the life which he lives. Their father often thr eatens them with living a life in the cages, this referring to the elevator which takes miners down mine shafts. Vanderhaeghe also uses the term cage to refer to the different and difficult situations through which life puts people. One has to do their utmost to ensure that they escape otherwise; they risk getting trapped forever. This is what his father attempts to tell Billy and his brother, to encourage them to think further in life than he ever did. His dream is to have both his sons successful and not living the trapped life which he feels himself to be living. Throughout the story, we see Billy attempting to break out of the various cages in which he has been put. He does his best to ensure that he protects his elder brother from the thoughtless actions which he puts himself in. Billy covers up for the behavior of his older brother, often making excuses for his behavior. Moreover, within his family, he has to maintain the image of the smart son who never gets into trouble. His family has positive expectations of him, and he does his best to meet them. In the end, he comes to realize that he has been wrong to cover up for his brother’s actions and that it is high time for Gene to start taking responsibility. One can say that Billy has finally broken free of the cage and is now ready to face a new life, better than his father’s. The main character in An Ounce of Cure also undergoes a similar situation to Billy’s at home. She is portrayed as a terribly wild teenager whose mother has strong

Eyewitness Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eyewitness Evidence - Essay Example Regardless of age, gender and stature, eyewitnesses vary in many ways toward their susceptibility, their impressions and more. Determining the optimal procedure requires the framework many police procedures rely on. M. L. Eisen writes in Memory and Suggestibility in the Forensic Interview that, "No matter what the scope or complexity of an event, however, the description of a memory for it can be usefully separated into encoding of the event (its original perception and acquisition), its retention over time is due to some change in the nervous system that can be called memory storage, and its later retrieval in response to some query." (Eisen, M.L.; p 4) To this effect, there is a reason the use of restatement of events and redirecting toward a certain moment within the events eye witnesses had experienced will effectively either confirm the events or question the recollections of the witness. This assists investigators, prosecutors and more in assessing validity of eye witness accounts. Eisen continues in his work describing that encouraging witnesses to discuss events prior to the crime or incident in question would also provide insight. "It might seem odd to consider factors that operate pri or to the occurrence of an event as affecting its later retention, but in fact such prior factors can be critical. Even if several people experience "the same" event, they will interpret it differently depending on their prior experiences." (Eisen, M.L.; p 4) This also expands the validity of the recounting of the event in question and can, in fact, assist investigators, prosecutors and the court system in determination as to whether validity and reliability would exist in the recounting. This can be seen in both children and adults depending upon the framework of the cognitive interview and subsequently in court testimony. Gronlund compares how sequential and simultaneous lineups differ from each other in Sequential Lineup Advantage: Contributions of Distinctiveness and Recollection. Gronlund states that according to Wells and colleagues simultaneous lineups would encourage relative decision strategies whereas sequential lineups encourage absolute decision strategies. "Gronlund considered two problems with the relative judgment data. First it was possible that the two shortest heights and two tallest heights in the lineups were not distinguishable to an encoding confusion." (Gronlund, S.D.; p 23-37) Gronlund's argument that recollection requires more mental resources than familiarity does, yet in his view, sequential lineups, however, are less resource demanding. This would allow more recollection capacity for the eye witness. Amina Memon and various authors have taken on the task of understanding many components of eye witness testimony including emotion, age of the witness, facial recognition, and post-identification feedback on confidence and memory judgments. The focus is on both children and adults, including seniors and the differentiations between them. In one abstract of Affecting Memories: Emotional Arousal and Eyewitness Testimony with Lynn Hulse and Kevin Allan, "one theory suggests that emotional arousal impairs memory, another suggests that it enhances

English Language in Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Language in Puerto Rico - Essay Example Due to the fact that Puerto Rico was once a colony of Spain, it is evident that these people has Spanish tongue in which they prefer to use such a language even though the island is somewhat under United States- their currency, form of government and even military security is from US (www.isreview.org)1 The question now rises, why is it that Puerto Ricans are not found of using the English language On the second note, despite the fact that English is their second language, why is it that there are only few that uses English as their language In this case, there are struggles involving trade, oneness and understanding between Puerto Ricans and English-speaking nations. There are a lot of accounts which "English has long been viewed on the island as both a tool of liberation and an instrument of oppression. Children are told from the earliest grades that English will be vital for their educational and professional advancement, while they are also cautioned that learning it too well may endanger their Puerto Rican identity (Pousada 1999)2". Torruellas (1990)3 studied three private schools, which is deemed as cradle of English teaching, found out that the level of mastery of English may vary on the social rank of the clientele of the particular private school. Only students in schools catering on the elites were only those who are trying to succeed in oral and written English. Students in middle class private schools had developed a sort of "counterculture" of resistance toward the language and its teachers. With this, difficulty in communicating with Puerto Ricans is still a complicated task to do and still a far-fetched dream for many. Phenomenon such as communicating through sign language with Puerto Ricans is still evident nowadays. There are accounts that show a "zero-communication" process with these people meaning it is next to impossible dream if you would try to communicate with these individuals if you are to use English as a medium. The fact that in 1990's Puerto Ricans presumes that if they are to sift from one language to another, then it would also be a room for these people to loose their identity. They deem that their language is the only language that is to be propagated and therefore learning another language is not their outmost priority. Also, Resnick's (1993)4 argue that Puerto Rican society has correctly assessed that language spread may lead to language shift which may then lead to language loss. This sense of patriotism is somewhat a hindrance for the majority of Puerto Ricans to learn English language. Being entangled in such a scenario, majority of them doesn't understand English and would not even comprehend simple English lessons or even sentences. Having this scenario, many Puerto Ricans in case they prefer to study in the United States are not performing well in their respective learning institutions or below par with regards to the expected outcome of their academic status. Also, educators deem that in order to fare with other students as well as for them to be globally competitive, the use of English language should be the priority rather than the propagation of Spanish language. It is very important than how English is presented is how Spanish is presented in this country, also, Puerto Rican Spanish suffers linguistic insecurity of speakers

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 Essay

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 - Essay Example Its appropriateness is examined and the benefit is extracted so as to decipher whether it is acceptable by the company in the present situation (Schlingemann, Stulz and Walkling, 2009; Valipour, Moradi and Farsi, 2012). This is essential for developing a strong business relation between the suppliers and companies. The suppliers should abide the policies that are followed by the company. Similar case is seen in the case study of LJC Ltd. LJC Ltd is fruit and vegetable supplier, who aims at delivering value and good quality handpicked fruits and vegetables to the small retailers. Though it is a family run business, but it has seen success in the past 80 years through their business operation as a constant effort to connect to big companies. LJC Ltd is trying to negotiate with the small supermarket chain known as Co-share for the past twelve months. The deal is to manage the fruit and vegetable packing and distribution of Co-share. Co-share has 160 stores that are operating in South East and Midlands. The company is very strict regarding the business ethics and the fair trade policies. For LJC Ltd, the contract will increase the volume of products, which are managed by the business. In order to assist Co-share in their business, LJC Ltd has to use fair trade products and develop best HR practices such as equality policies and staff development. Project A and B is evaluated for identifying the best project for LJC Ltd. Payback period is the span of time, which is required for recovering cost of investment that is made by a company (Valerie, Cook and Ali, 2010; Marić, Kamberović and Radlovacki, 2011; Amihud and Mendelson, 2010; Arshad, 2012; Easley and O’Hara, 2009). As per Appendix 1a, it is observed that the project A will incur positive cumulative cash flow in the third year. Therefore, payback is calculated on the basis of the positive cash flow that is incurred from the project. The cumulative cash flow at the end of 4th year is  £ 60500. Therefore, by

Royal mail Privetisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Royal mail Privetisation - Essay Example Many governments owned so-called natural monopolies such as water, power, and postal services on the assumption that market efficiency would be attained if there were only a single seller. It is easy to see why a monopoly may be needed in some markets, as in the case of utilities where large investments are needed, or in postal services where a number of mail delivery routes are not profitable enough to attract private investments. But as many nations eventually experienced through the years, this market structure became characterised by inefficiency and wasted resources. This was the situation at Royal Mail in 2002. Its vehicle repair centre situated in the Isle of Wight was a case in point. The poor location entailed unreasonable expenditures, a factor for inefficiency and a destroyer of value. Since it would be a better use of resources for broken down vehicles from different parts of the British Isles to be repaired in the nearest motor shops, this vehicle repair centre would be under-utilised. Its facilities would be better off sold, closed down, or put to other use, for example as a conference centre for its workers. Monopolies lead to inefficiency and waste because the absence of competition leads to complacency, as the company enjoying a monopoly position would not have the incentive to improve itself and be efficient. Like a pensioner unmotivated to work because of a guaranteed income, monopolies know that their market has no choice but to buy its products, no matter how poor the quality. And when the monopoly, like Royal Mail, is labour intensive, not only do the workers become a formidable political force that can influence the outcome of elections (â€Å"forcing† politicians to listen to their pleas), but also their lifetime employment status binds the state to pay until retirement, a disincentive for increasing

Homework assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Homework - Assignment Example Plate, the Pacific Plate, the Caroune Plate. The North American and Pacific plates are sliding apart and past each other, Pacific moving left and North American moving right. The Juan de Fuca Plate is sliding underneath the North American Plate, and melting (Watson, 1997). There are no active volcanoes in the Eastern US because there are presently no active plate boundaries (no shifting and sliding tension). There is, however, evidence that this was not always the case, and that conditions used to yield volcanic activity, but it was long ago (Watson, 1997). Mt. Ranier is an active volcano, which has erupted severely, many times over many centuries. It last erupted in 19894-95 and is resting, at the moment, but this temporary situation lulls people into feeling safe when, in fact, they are not safe. Someday it will no doubt erupt again (Driedger & Scott, 2008). This will cause snow and ice to melt, which picks up mud and a lot of destructive force, or large landslides can occur and act in a similar manner. These are called lahars, and they act like a rapidly oncoming, thick wall of concrete. Enough force can carry it all the way to Puget Sound, so many people along the way can be damaged, since there are densely populated areas along the way. Infrastructure would also be destroyed (Driedger & Scott, 2008). The anytime-now probability of lahars from Mt. Ranier activating is actually a very strong and serious risk. About 80,000 people, their homes, businesses, roads, bridges, etc. would be affected. Ashes from the volcano can be dangerous for aircraft visibility and respiratory risk. Utility and transportation systems can be impacted, and it can be rather costly to clean up. One of the most dangerous aspects is that there would likely be no warning, or insufficient warning to prevent mass death and damage

Royal mail Privetisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Royal mail Privetisation - Essay Example Many governments owned so-called natural monopolies such as water, power, and postal services on the assumption that market efficiency would be attained if there were only a single seller. It is easy to see why a monopoly may be needed in some markets, as in the case of utilities where large investments are needed, or in postal services where a number of mail delivery routes are not profitable enough to attract private investments. But as many nations eventually experienced through the years, this market structure became characterised by inefficiency and wasted resources. This was the situation at Royal Mail in 2002. Its vehicle repair centre situated in the Isle of Wight was a case in point. The poor location entailed unreasonable expenditures, a factor for inefficiency and a destroyer of value. Since it would be a better use of resources for broken down vehicles from different parts of the British Isles to be repaired in the nearest motor shops, this vehicle repair centre would be under-utilised. Its facilities would be better off sold, closed down, or put to other use, for example as a conference centre for its workers. Monopolies lead to inefficiency and waste because the absence of competition leads to complacency, as the company enjoying a monopoly position would not have the incentive to improve itself and be efficient. Like a pensioner unmotivated to work because of a guaranteed income, monopolies know that their market has no choice but to buy its products, no matter how poor the quality. And when the monopoly, like Royal Mail, is labour intensive, not only do the workers become a formidable political force that can influence the outcome of elections (â€Å"forcing† politicians to listen to their pleas), but also their lifetime employment status binds the state to pay until retirement, a disincentive for increasing

International Organizations in Question of Global Climate Research Paper - 1

International Organizations in Question of Global Climate - Research Paper Example It devastated parts of the Caribbean, Eastern Canada, Northeast of the United States and Mid- Atlantic. It has been termed as the second most costly hurricane of Atlantic after Hurricane Katrina. Losses that have arisen due to Hurricane Sandy have been estimated to be about 50 billion US dollars. In the seven countries that fell in the path of the storm, it was found out that at least 209 people were killed. As a result of such occurrences, the regional and global, international organizations, which are involved in both the political and economic aspects of life, should be able to arrange a global response that is effective (Weiss, Forsythe, Coate, & Pease, 2009, p. 19). So far, very little has been done as these effects of global climate change are so rampant and occur frequently compared to previous centuries. These international organizations face a number of weaknesses that hinder them from effectively dealing with problems such as global climatic change, civil wars, poverty, and disease. As most organizations, the international organization has two major kinds of stakeholders. These include the stakeholders who act as the core of the organization, with members who control it formally. The second type of the stakeholders are those persons who are external to the organization and do not have any form of authority concerning the decisions made, though they are affected directly by any actions or decisions of the organization. International organizations have a lot of responsibilities in the countries which are elements of their membership. Unfortunately, there is little room for citizens in each of these countries to make their contribution in concerning decision making. It is had also been found out that of all nations that are in membership with international organizations, darned few nations participate in the making of decisions.  

Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay

Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay Cadbury, which is the worlds second largest confectionery company, the second largest chewing gum company, the third largest soft drinks company, is also the only company that has a chocolate, candy and gum products, is a leading a large, growing, brand-led industry. It has a great market shares and has many honest consumers, but it has also a numerous of competitors such as Altria Group, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero, Unilever, and so on. Cadbury Company produces markets and distributes confectionery (chocolate, sugar, sweets, chewing gum, etc.) and beverage products. To the competitors, Philippe Morris that is the worlds largest packaged food companies. Nestle is the worlds largest food manufacturer, and Nestle is famous for producing instant coffee and chocolate bars. Currently has for the local market and culture-rich products, such as Chocolate and candy, bottled water, beverages and dried milk. Hershey is the largest chocolate and candy manufacturer in the North America. Ferrero Gro up is the worlds fourth largest chocolate manufacturer. Unilever Group is the worlds second-largest consumer products maker. Unilever operates the following two major product areas: food and household and personal care products. So, besides Cadbury, Philippe Morris, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero also produce candy and chocolate and some companies scale is larger than Cadbury. That it is a great threaten to Cadbury and they are the direct competitors to Cadbury as well. And all global candy and chocolate enterprise play a great role in the market battle in contend for markets. Competing features and competitive advantages Enterprises participating in market competition is founded by virtue of capital and its competitive characteristics of the enterprise (Piccolo, 2008). Companies must create a difference between competitors in order to survive in an invincible position in the market of fierce competition (Regan, 2008). However, any one of the characteristics or conditions is not forever. So, we must continue to develop innovative competitive features. In todays society, competition has following major characteristics: First, the expansion of the scope of competition, mainly including: 1) the diversification of the main competition. With the economic globalization, it will further promote the social division of labor, leading to the diversification pattern of competition. 2) The globalization of local competition. Economic integration and trade liberalization has reduced the country or regional limits of globalization towards the direction of promoting competition. 3) Competition content diversity. Modern competition not only stay in the competition for the market and customers, and further extended to technology, information, personnel and even strategic partners such as multi-level competition. Second, changes in competition mode, mainly: 1) the aim of competing has changed from the market share to compete for customer loyalty. With increased competition intensity, market share is difficult to sustain customer loyalty as competition goals; 2) the focus features of competition shifts from competition to process competition, part of the development of competition into the system from the competition; 3) the way of competing changes from competitively price non-price competition. The traditional way of price competition is difficult to adapt to these changes. Information technology reduces customer search and transaction costs, reduced services, economic globalization, national differences in the prices of the effectiveness of price competition; 4) the relationship is becoming cooperating and fights against each other. Only by establishing strategic alliances with competitors to form both the interaction between competition and cooperation, pursue win-win competitive effects, can only better meet customer needs, effective response to the competitive environment, competitive objectives of enterprises. Third the innovation of competition means. 1) Conversion from visible to invisible. With the technology and facilities improving, the competitiveness of enterprises shifts to the use of modern information technology, integration, functional reorganization, driving to improve efficiency of operation with information technology. 2) Competition shifted from a single competition to compound competition. The international logistics market, competition, the unique way of competition means is difficult both to obtain and maintain competitive advantage and meet customer demands for diversity in complex, showing a variety of sales promotion and use, services, price and promotion mix of the compound variety of competition means competition situation;3) Reliance from on the internal strength to both the internal strengths and external resources. But in the face all kinds of trade barriers and market access restrictions, companies simply is difficult to compete effectively with virtue of its own resources, only an integrated use of economic, psychological, political and public relations among other factors, with the government, associations, the media and the public, etc. the formation of internal strengths and external forces work together to beat the market and fierce competition to win. Under the new era of competitive characteristics, Cadbury also has its own competitive features that is powerful combination, and along with Kraft to create a market. Kraft and Cadbury combining has become the worlds largest confectionery company. Through the merger, it reflects the complementary advantages both of them. First, Cadbury could help Kraft make up for disadvantaged in chocolate and chewing gum products; Second, in some Kraft, there has not yet reached the emerging markets, Cadbury has established a relatively strong distribution system. Kraft launched Cadbury now choosing the timing of the acquisition can also be said about right. From the perspective of the development to Cadbury, its current operating conditions very good, but limited by company size, development bottlenecks encountered. So by merging, Cadbury will have a brighter future. A new kind of product and its target market After uniting with KFT, a new kind of product will be exploited, this is walnut candy. First, the main raw material of walnut is nut, which is a nut fruit. It has many effects. For example, Walnut nutritious are rich in protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, fat containing linoleum acid and more nutritional value, as well as vitamins B and E, which could prevent cell aging, enhance memory and release aging. Walnuts also contain special vitamin ingredients, not only did not increase cholesterol, but also reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol for atherosclerosis, hypertension and coronary heart disease human consumption. Walnuts contain linolenic acid and calcium, phosphorus, iron, the bodys skin beauty ideal agent, regular consumption of a profit the skin, hair Ukraine, and have prematurely white hair, and loss prevention functions. Walnuts also contain many trace elements needed by the body, which are important proprietary accessories. When you feel tired, chew more walnut, w ith ease fatigue and stress. So, if through a special process, nuts can be made the walnut sugar, that it not only can play the role of health care products, but also a broad market. This is the walnut candy birth. Because walnut candy is a new product to a lot of people, in order to better promote their products, to find greater and more extensive market, determine the target market is particularly important. Target market is the fundamental starting point of regional marketing. Analysis and grasp the regional marketing system, subsystem from its target market began to take marketing or target marketing positioning of thinking. Determining the target market must be looking for both demand in the market and consistent with its resources and advantages of the target market segments. Customers need is to be able to respond to customer requirements, and meet the customers desires and needs, and can see farther than the customers, to find and meet with customers and the request, so the key is to meet the needs of the customer better than competitors; integrated marketing is that the company will have to serve customers in all sectors interests, all sectors must be coordinated departure from the Cus tomer Perspective; earnings capability refers to enterprises depend on more than competitors to better meet customer need to make a profit. The first principle of selecting target market is that the market should demand, if there is no real market demand or potential demand, it can not be selected as the target market. Not for the company to decide what conditions should it do, but according to the social needs of the market to decide what to do. Second important principle of selecting the target market is that: to use their own existing resources, avoid weaknesses, looking for their strengths target market. Many enterprises focuses only on market demand, regardless of their condition diversification, it is very dangerous. Third principle of selecting target market is to pay attention to find the edge of target markets. In general, each company has its own possession of the technology, resources and operating conditions and it play a different role in marketing system. So the enterprise should treat market opportunity as a key factor in the marketing selection. But to the external enterprise, it is difficult to find such chances. Even as fierce competition among peers, so that market opportunities in certain sectors lost or diminished opportunities for efficiency, we can not blindly go outside the industry to find the target market. Therefore, the boundary between the industry and trade office, there will be a vacuum, usually called the edge of market opportunities. Edge of market opportunities on the one hand some companies can still play advantage, on the other hand, because it is covert, difficult to be found in most businesses, easy access to opportunities for efficiency. If companies need to look outside the target market in the industry, major efforts should be made to find market opportunities, and select edge of the target market. The fourth principle is to select the ideal target market, but also consider the different degree of difficulty into retirement. According to industry profit point of view, the most attractive target market should be high barriers to entry low barriers to exit. The fifth principle is to be good at identifying potential target markets and future target markets. Opportunities in the market some demand is evident, while another is hidden behind the existing market demand for some kind of demand, which we call the potential market opportunities, corresponding to, then there is a potential target market. Review of Prices Price objective Price target is the enterprise business goals. Through the pricing system, the enterprise is to make a proper price level to achieve its price objective(Steinberg, 2005). Because companies set their own price before the first target audience, the target group of their income determines their acceptable price. Then companies need to capture the market first, or first create profits as much as possible. If it is to capture the market, it should take penetration pricing, if the first to create profits as much as possible, we should use skimming pricing. It is why should have a price objective. While prices should also consider cost of production, circulation costs, profits and taxes. Walnut candy is one of the main components of walnut, and walnuts are distributed all over the world. Therefore, the production of raw materials is very convenient, relatively low freight costs and raw materials are more abundant. So a medium and reasonable price level should be positioned in Walnut candy. Price competition The so-called price competition points to that an enterprise considers the cost of enterprises and products based on market and enterprises has established a competitive price relative to competitors, thus price advantage attracts consumers, realizing the purpose of profit(Orzen, 2008; Kondo, 2004). It should say that, in the current market, price is still an important factor to affect the consumers to make in consumer choice, so the use of price competition means businesses to seize the market price reduction approach is still very effective. Price competition is an inherent phenomenon of market economy which is dominated by the law of market economy, and only follows the law of competition in commodity prices and other economic laws, economic activities, to achieve greater economic efficiency. Competition makes the consumer sensitive to very price; price competition has a strong effect. At the same time, price competitions can often significantly lowering prices and expanding market in growth companies. Therefore, the outbreak of a price war is to re-divide the market resources to expand production scale and the weak competitiveness of small businesses out. This realization of the effective allocation of resources, market price competition has certain inevitability. Walnut candy is a fresh product for most people, because of its abundant and wide variety of sources of raw materials, so it has a big price advantage. Meanwhile, Cadbury and Kraft as a joint, for the walnut candy sales offers a wide range of channels. Therefore, walnut candy as a new product is very competitive and has a broad space for development. Pricing strategies Pricing strategy is that through the assessment of the demand and cost analysis the business chooses one strategy to attract customers and achieve marketing mix of pricing strategies (Grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸ler, 2008; Farmer, 2002). The low elasticity of demand (elasticity coefficient is less than 1, demand inelastic) of goods, should be taken to high pricing strategy. Sales influenced by the prices of its small, prices low after the sales drop, while the total income increase. Elasticity of demand for high (greater than 1, demand elasticity) of the commodity, low-cost pricing strategy should be adopted. Because prices will rapidly decline sales, resulting in sales revenue. Demand elasticity for a single (equal to 1) of the commodity, the price change will not lead to sales revenue, and should refer to other standard pricing. To Walnut candy should have a low-cost pricing strategy. For the walnut candy sales process, you can use Customer Value Innovation Strategy, which is a corporate strategic thinking. Such strategic thinking is orientated by the clients as a strategic orientation, it is based on the satisfying value to improve customers satisfaction and retain customers as loyal to the changing market environment, achieving sustainable development of enterprises. Meanwhile, to the enterprise, it could improve its core competitive capability to go ahead of the competitors under the Customer Value Innovation Strategy. The dynamic development of core capabilities associates to the changes customer value. If the enhancement of core capabilities can not meet the changed needs of customers, then upgraded the core competencies and is not to generate new competitive advantages. At this point, the development of core competencies should be modified of track and direction. Only when the upgraded the core competence could give customers greater satisfaction, the upgrad e can be as effective to enhance this. Thus, enhancement of core competence direction and goals should be founded under Customer Value Innovation Strategy. Key factors influence the price decisions and strategies The fundamental factors affecting the price are socially necessary labor time value. Value determines the price. In the commodity economy, commodity prices mainly determined by market supply and demand affect prices, but can not decide the price. Price decision, the main factors affecting the price: 1) raw materials, if raw material prices have gone up, prices go up. 2) Supply and demand, short supply of natural prices, sluggish sales will be lower prices; 3) consumer psychology; product design is reasonable, they are quite attractive to consumers, or it could be not. There are major environmental factors, such as the financial crisis, inflation and so on. Financial crisis and inflation will affect the purchasing power of consumers. In determining the price, it should be taken into account various factors.

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev :: Essays Papers

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev Dmitri Mendeleev was one of the most famous modern-day scientists of all time who contributed greatly to the world’s fields of science, technology, and politics. He helped modernize the world and set it farther ahead into the future. Mendeleev also made studying chemistry easier, by creating a table with the elements and the atomic weights of them put in order by their properties. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born in Tobolsk, Siberia, on February 7, 1834. The blonde-haired, blue-eyed boy was the son of Maria Dmitrievna Korniliev and Ivan Pavlovitch Mendeleev and the youngest of 14 children. Dmitri’s father, Ivan died when Dmitri was still very young and Dmitri’s mother, Maria was left to support her large family. Maria needed money to support all her children, so she took over managing her family’s glass factory in Aremziansk. The family had to pack up and move there. Maria favored Dmitri because he was the youngest child and started saving money to put him through college when he had still been quite young. As a child, Dmitri spent many hours in his mother’s factory talking to the workers. The chemist there taught him about the concepts behind glass making and the glass blower taught him about the art of glass making. Another large influence in Dmitri’s life had been his sister, Olga’s, husband, Bessargin. Bessargin had been banished to Siberia because of his political beliefs as a Russian Decembrist, (Decembrists, or Dekabrists as they were known in Russia, were a group of literary men who led a revolution in Russia in 1825.), so he spent most of his time teaching Dmitri the science of the day. From these people, Dmitri grew up with three key thoughts: â€Å"Everything in the world is science,† from Bessargin. â€Å"Everything in the world is art,† from Timofei the glass blower. â€Å"Everything in the world is love,† from Maria his mother. (Dictionary of Scientific Biography. p. 291.) As Dmitri grew older, it became apparent to everyone that Dmitri understood complex topics better than others did. When Dmitri turned 14 and entered school in Tobolsk, a second major family tragedy occurred-his mother’s glass factory burned down to the ground. The family had no money to rebuild the factory, except for the money that Dmitri’s mother had saved for him to attend a university.

Research Project Encryption :: Encryption Writing Code Privacy Essays

Research Project Encryption Should the US government limit the strength of encryption products to eavesdrop on people’s everyday life? I remember exchanging secret letters with my friends in Japan as a child. We developed a code in which each letter of the Japanese alphabet was replaced by the one that follows it. For example, if we had used English, "Z" would have been replaced by "A". Each of us had the key to understanding this code but outsiders didn’t, so we didn’t have to worry if one of our brothers intercepted our letters. We loved our secret communications. These letters actually used a simple kind of encryption, not so different from the one Julius Caesar used for the secret messages he sent his Roman generals throughout Europe. He, also, didn’t worry if his enemies stole the messages because without the key, they couldn’t read them. Today, as well, encryption is used to hide sensitive information. It is used not only by spies but also for common telecommunications, such as faxes and e-mails. Encryption is also important for many everyday uses like Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) for bank account, credit card security and access to controlled areas in buildings. Encryption ensures privacy by keeping things behind a locked door of sorts. But what happens if there is something dangerous, very dangerous behind that locked door? What if the information that is being kept private and secure is a potential threat to the safety of others? What if my friends and I had been plotting to blow up our school or to plan a way to hurt our brothers? Shouldn’t our parents have had a way to know what we were conspiring? In other words, how private should private be? This is the question central to a brewing controversy between privacy advocates and the U.S. Federal government. Legal, professional, and ethical issues are being debated as are the limits that can or should be placed on developing encryption technologies. At stake are personal freedoms, the privacy of financial and medical records, as well as the fate of entire, nascent industries in the high-tech world. The system of encryption To start off the examination of this complex topic, let’s start with the definition of encryption: a process of disguising a message so that only its legitimate recipient can understand it. There are two steps to the encryption process, the first of which is also called encryption, and the second which is decryption.

Film Methodologies †Point Break (1991) Essay

Many different methodologies are vital when examining film. Different aspects and methods of cinema analysis provide critics and audiences with various approaches to establishing certain genres or films. This essay will examine the specific methodologies of the action genre, a consideration of the art cinema and an auteur study. These styles are recognized in Kathryn Bigelow’s Point Break (1991) which provides strong examples of these techniques. An action film is commonly recognized by audiences. The action film portrays strong characteristics and identifiable elements unique to the action genre. Fights, stunts, cars, foot chases, sex appeal and explosions are fundamental sequences of the action genre whereas; character development and well thought-out plot lines are often overlooked. The action genre therefore develops a stereotype that characterizes a film by incorporating such certain elements. Bigelow’s Point Break is stereotypically an action film, as it embodies these, and many more aspects essential to the action genre. Many events in Point Break centre on powerful adrenaline pumping action sequences. Fighting takes place frequently and in many different environments. These situations build tension and provide entertainment. Fist fighting is not the only conflict confronted in Bigelow’s film. Shootouts involving rifles, pistols and shotguns are believed to be essential classics to a good action film. The predominant theme of bank robbery incorporates a mixed bag of violence, weapons and aggressive language. These events evoke powerful emotions from all characters on-screen, creating stronger action elements. Stunts involving explosions intrigue audiences. The imagery of a building or car exploding into the air is typically high intensity action. The situation before, during and after such events provides compelling entertainment. High spectacle stunts and effects are commonplace in the action genre such as Point Break. Both car and foot pursuits are worth noting in the films action archive. High speed car chases deliver an adrenaline and intensity only action audiences are frequent too. This intensity in Bigelow’s film heightens during the foot chase between Reeves and Swayze. Finally, sex appeal and the portrayal of the human body in the film, provides a core of entertainment in Point Break. Through its social theme of surfing and its objectification of both topless men and women, the genre contributes to its already profound stenotype. We must consider these themes in relation to an action genre study to entirely understand and examine and analyze the film Point Break; however, these are not the only themes and features to consider when establishing methodologies specific to the action genre. There are elements of art house technique evident in Bigelow’s Point Break. Although typically an action genre film, it not only controls emotion, mood and style through themes and events on screen but also through its use of audio and visual manipulation. Focusing on visual styles Bigelow echoes a complexity, often introducing elements resembling art house aesthetics. The less conventional filming methods utilized in Point Break reveals an array of long shots, point of view shots, use of intensified continuity and quick cutting. The films themes primarily revolve around the typical action genre story which provides the film with a lot of its power. However, it is worth taking into account what and how these art cinema traits take affect to an audience in Bigelow’s film. Long shots, usually of conversations frequently occur throughout Point Break. These shots sustain a level of depth many other films lack in the action genre. For example, during the fourth scene there is a long pan between Reeves and his partner. This could be used as a rendition of the conventional shot-reverse-shot film technique. The camera moves from left ? right slowly however, because the camera is moving on a semi circle dolly track, we are able to view the conversation from an array of different angles. This stops the need for frequent cutting between shots and shot sizes. Long takes and shot size manipulation are well known examples of art cinema examples in Point Break. Although not common in the action genre, they are uniquely obvious in this film. A framed long shot of Reeves and Swayze stays stationary as they walked towards camera, however the camera continues to frame them from long wide shot ? mid shot. This is very interesting as conventional cinema pieces tend to change shot angles and sizes frequently to make their films visually entertaining. Handheld point of view (POV) shots balance emotion and intensity with reality. Through the use of first person perspectives, Bigelow is truly able to direct audience’s attention and emotions. This method of filmmaking provides a uniquely odd action characteristic. Bank robbery is one of the main themes in Bigelow’s Point Break. The intense topic of armed robbery and violence creates powerful emotions. Intensified continuity and frame cutting allows Bigelow’s film to multiply tension and fear while its being played out onscreen. Shot sizes change repeatedly giving strength to specific visual keys and detail. Bigelow’s attention to vision extends to even the smallest technical details in Point Break. Thus scenes of heightened intensity can not only be controlled by what characters and events are taking place, but that of the camera movement and sound direction. These are the technical elements of art cinema throughout Point Break. Finally, by examining the auteur study of Point Break we must analyze the films director and creative owner. In this auteur study we will examine Kathryn Bigelow, her previous works and inspirations in tie to Point Break. The director was born in California in 1952 and is one of the only female directors to achieve successful Hollywood fame. Her films usually concern the male dominated arena of big budget action cinema. Bigelow has been noted to revise genres similar to violence, voyeurism and sexual politics. Point Break’s genre mix of bank robbery and surfing makes it obvious that Bigelow has a desire to consistently approach and push cinematic boundaries. Her marriage to big time director James Cameron could have provided Bigelow with a stepping stone into the industries top elite. Bigelow first entered the cinema by way of the art world. Her flair for traditional masculine genres in respect to Point Break is exampled by her previous works such as Blue Steel (1990) and art house film The Loveless (1981). Both films clearly represent Bigelow’s style of masculinity action mixed with art house cinema. Bigelow is essentially an important contemporary auteur. In conclusion, methodologies are vital when examining film. Throughout this essay we have analyzed the action genre, a consideration of art cinema and an auteur study. All these methodologies are recognized in Kathryn Bigelow’s Point Break (1991). By concluding with these studies we have deduced that different aspects and methods of cinema analysis provide critics and audiences with various approaches when establishing genre and film. References Allon, Y. Patterson, H. Cullen, D. Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide. n/a. Published: Wallflower Press n/a. 2003. {http://qqq. cercles. com/review/r11/jermyn. html} n/a {http://movies. yahoo. com/movie/contributor/1800091098/bio} A Strange Gaze. {http://www. popmatters. com/pm/books/reviews/39697/cinema-of-kathryn-bigelow/} 5. 10. 07

Robespierre Execution Research

Question: What are the reasons for the execution of Maximilien Robespierre? Works Cited Hampson, Norman. The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre. N. p. : Duckworth, 1974. Print. In the Suggestions for Further Reading section of A Short History of the French Revolution by Jeremy Popkin, he recommends this book for further reading on Revolutionary Politics. This would be a good secondary source to look into. Sections of this book can be found on JSTOR. Jordan, David P. The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989. Print.In the Suggestions for Further Reading section of A Short History of the French Revolution by Jeremy Popkin, he recommends this book for further reading on Revolutionary Politics. Online, I see that this book has an entire chapter dedicated to Thermidor. This book is a good secondary source to use. Sections of this book can be found on JSTOR. A complete eBook can be found on Google Books. Proyart, Lievin-Bonaventure. La Vie e t les Crimes de Maximilien Robespierre. Augsburg, 1795. Print. In the Works Cited section of The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre, David P.Jordan cites this book, which was written a year after the execution of Robespierre. This is a good secondary source to look at. ?Robespierre, Maximilien,  Discours prononce par Robespierre, a la Convention Nationale, dans la seance du 8 thermidor de l'an 2 de la Republique une et indivisible ; trouve parmi ses papiers par la Commission chargee de les examiner. N. p. : Knowsley Pamphlet Collection, 1794. In the chapter on Thermidor in  The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. David P. Jordan cites this speech and talks about its impact on his execution. This would make a good primary source to look at.

Week 1 Qnt 351

[pic] CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with and acknowledge my responsibilities, which are part of the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings.Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Introduction to St atistics QNT 351 March 22, 2013 Merry GalloIntroduction to Statistics Statistics is defined in Statistics for Business and Economics, as the science of data. Involves collecting, classifying, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information. Statistics is more than just looking at numbers, there is a process involved in obtaining the numerical information. Statistical thinking is helpful as well. This involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess data and inferences.It is important to keep in mind that variations exist in populations and processed data. There are two different types of statistics, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form. Inferential statistics utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predicti ons, or other generalizations about a larger set of data.Business’s are required to conduct research in order to get their business up and operating. In order to conduct through information the people involved with the business would have to be able to understand and implement the statistical findings. These findings could be as simple as reports on wether one area of a town versus another is more profitable. Statistics that would be a little bit more detailed would be the reports for financial matters. If the statistics are good then the business decisions should be healthy and successful.In my line of work there are plenty of statistics being used in every department. As a bartender I am responsible for knowing the levels of alcohol in my bottles, as well as how many beers I have in my coolers. The portions used in the recipes for the drinks is me being able to use ratios, and nominal data to run a profitable bar. The restaurant as a whole uses stastics when planing the sch edule as well as the weekly order. If our numbers are high for a day then our labor will be scheduled higher than normal.If the projected numbers are low then we operate with fewer servers and cooks. Another statistical problem that could occur is when we run our of items. In this case it would imply that our projections were off and we need to concentrate on the next weeks order to make sure we are fully stocked and overly stocker in other areas. References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete this line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry.

Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution Essay

Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution - Essay Example Nonetheless, the common man in the United States enjoys his/her fundamental rights. S/he can sue the national government if s/he feels that his/her rights are violated. The United States Constitution supports the federal form of government. This is governance by the rule of law. The essence and treatment of law is supposed to be with the judiciary. The judiciary interprets the law. The new framework of the Constitution does not overtly affect the liberty of citizens except on the issue of taxes. There are taxes levied by the federal and state governments. The US citizen has the right to expression, movement and to earn his living. The Constitution does not come in the way of these. The same sex marriage and abortion laws differ between the states. There are variations in same sex and abortion laws and these persuasions are supposed to be in the best interests of the citizens. (David T. Canon et al) In the same manner, there are other issues such as housing, medical care, employment, etc. where laws are framed for the good of citizens but are subject to dispute in the implementations. However, the overall position of the common man is significantly better when compared to other nations. The issues are between the states and the national government. ... where laws are framed for the good of citizens but are subject to dispute in the implementations. However, the overall position of the common man is significantly better when compared to other nations. The States and National Government The issues are between the states and the national government. The United States is a large country with 53 states. The states provide the national government the means to stay alive. Hence, provisionally the states are in a position to dictate terms to the national government. By itself, the national government does not have the wherewithal to survive. At best, it could try and keep itself afloat on negotiations. But such strategies do not last. The Civil War (1861-1865) was the defining moment for the bona fides of the national government. President Abraham Lincoln had to pay for it with his life. Nevertheless, he left a legacy for the national government to emerge stronger. It made conditions better for succeeding national governments to build and maintain an army. The federal government raises and supports an army. The president of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the army. The control and maintenance of the army gives the national government more powers vis--vis the states. Nonetheless, the maintenance of an army can only play limited role. Other countries ruled by the army are not effective as the United States. Hence, although the president of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the army, the country still enjoys democracy. The rule of law is prevalent and there is election once every four years. Foreign Affairs At the time the US Constitution replaced the Confederation, the United States was not a super power. It was more seized of

Strategic Management for Smirnoff Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Management for Smirnoff - Assignment Example Smirnoff is a brand of Vodka used in UK and is own and operated by British Company Diageo however, it has its roots in Moscow Russia. Smirnoff is now distributed in well over 130 countries with a network which is expanding and catering to the needs of different customers all over the world. Being an alcoholic drink, the overall external environment for this brand is relatively challenging considering the fact that many countries have banner alcoholic drinking. Issues like the underage selling, drunk driving and other strategic issues are considered as of significant importance. This is because these issues can actually affect the overall demand of the product. This report will look into the target market, value given by the company to its target market, a closer analysis of the internal as well as external environment including analysis of the industry as well as competition. This report will also look into the SWOT analysis of the firm to unearth strategic issues faced by the firm a nd what strategic options could be exercised to correct the situation. Company Background Smirnoff is a brand name managed by a British Company with the name of Diageo. It is however, important to note that Smirnoff as a brand has its historical roots in Russia when during 19th Century, Smirnoff as a vodka brand was started by Pytor Aresenievich Smrinoff. (Diageo Inc) Over the period of time, brand gained recognition and is now considered as the leading vodka brand in the world. What is also important to understand that Smirnoff was the only vodka available outside the communist countries after the Second World War? This therefore has given an edge to the brand to dominate the European and North American market and become the leading selling brand in the world. The company owning and operating this brand is also selling other brands which are also maintained as the strategic brands. These strategic brands therefore serve as the primary source of growth for the firm across all the ma rkets it operates. Some of the leading brands of Diageo include Johnnie Walker, Crown Royal, J&B etc. Smirnoff is also one of the strategic brands for the firm generating the required growth for the firm in the Spirit market.1 It is important to note that Smirnoff exists as a separate strategic business unit for the firm and it is sold through different channels. Delivery of the product through online market of the firm is also one of the ways firm manages sales for this brand. Target Market of the Company Diageo is considered as the premium drink company offering high worth brands to the individuals all over the world. As such the geographical distribution of the company’s target market is across the whole world with concentration in the European and North American market. It is critical to note that the drink market continuously evolve due to the market innovation and changing preferences of the customers. (ASIMOV, 2005). Though Diageo is a well diversified company with man y brands serving different niches in the drink market, however, Smirnoff caters to a different niche of the market. Though Vodka is famous for its uniqueness as a drink however, firm has been able to introduce new flavored drinks in order to cater to the needs of varying degree. The essential market for the drink comprises of those individual customers looking for ready to drink market with variety offered according to the Season of the year. This is because of

SpinozaBerkeley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SpinozaBerkeley - Essay Example Infinite substance is indivisible in Spinoza's view. He argues that if infinite substance were divisible then it could either be divided into two finite parts or it could be divided into two equally infinite parts; both of them being impossible. This proves that there is only one infinite substance and Spinoza believes that to be God (13). Since God is infinite substance, every being in existence has its being in God and nothing can exist without God (9). He proves that God is infinite substance and that no other substance exists outside of God. Thus Spinoza claims that God is present in all things; God is omnipotent. Spinoza argues that the will is the same as the intellect and in God, intellect is actual. God can think of infinite number of things in infinite number of ways. This infinite intellect of God comprehends all of God's attributes. All ideas are present in the intellect of God and the human mind is a part of the infinite intellect of God (13). Therefore, Spinoza maintains that ideas are adequate and true as long as they refer to God and reflect the essence of God. He also maintains that ideas that logically follow from such adequate ideas will remain adequate as well. Since adequate ideas must necessarily represent the essence of God, the idea of any substance's actual existence must also come from God. In this case, the human mind must be capable of knowing God and God's infinite essence. Sp Spinoza explains that the human mind may have both adequate and inadequate ideas. Adequate ideas are subject to reason whereas inadequate ideas are subject to emotions. There are three primary emotions from which all other emotions are derived - desire, pleasure and pain. Desire may arise from either pleasure or pain, pleasure arises from a transition from a lesser to a greater state of perfection and pain from a transition from greater to lesser state of perfection. For Spinoza, perfection is reality and since is God is absolutely perfect, he is also absolutely real (14). Spinoza argues that knowledge of good and evil comes from awareness of what causes pleasure and pain. The greatest good of the mind and the greatest virtue it can hold is to know God. To act with virtue is to act with reason and freedom is the ability to act with reason. Freedom is the ability to act rationally and to control emotions; not to subject to emotions and make free undetermined choices. Spinoza agrees that all emotions need not conflict with reason. Emotions that compliment reason causes pleasure whereas pain is caused by emotions that conflict reason (12). Adequate ideas reflect the infinite essence of God and they are subject to reason. Acting with reason causes pleasure and spreads goodness to all. Inadequate ideas do not express the essence of God and thus, knowledge of evil is inadequate knowledge. Inadequate knowledge thus causes pain. According to Spinoza, reason can control emotions and to live freely one must not be in servitude to emotions. Reason is virtue and v irtue is the knowledge of God and thus, Spinoza proves that the better control one exhibits over one's emotions, the better one can understand God (12). In Spinoza's view, all ideas are found in god and only those ideas that truly reflect the essence and knowledge of God are adequate and only those ideas provide freedom to the human mind. Berkeley's book "Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous" is broken into three separate sections, or dialogues. Through the first dialogue he tries to